Pasteurella

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A genus of gram-negative, nonmotile, nonsporulating, facultatively anaerobic coccobacillary to rod-shaped bacteria which are parasitic and often pathogens in many species of mammals, birds, and reptiles. It was named to honor Louis Pasteur in 1887. Genetic studies have shown that Pasteurella, together with Haemophilus and Actinobacillus, constitute a family, Pasteurellaceae.

The genus contains at least 10 species. Pasteurella multocida causes hemorrhagic septicemia in various mammals and fowl cholera, and is occasionally transmitted to humans, mainly in rural areas. Human pasteurellosis may include inflammation in bite and scratch lesions, infections of the lower respiratory tract and of the small intestine, and generalized infections with septicemia and meningitis. Pasteurella canis and P. stomatis may cause similar, though generally less severe, infections in humans after contact with domestic or wild animals. Although drug-resistant Pasteurella strains have been encountered, human Pasteurella infections are as a rule readily sensitive to the penicillins and a variety of other chemotherapeutic agents. See also Antibiotic; Drug resistance.

A genus of gram-negative facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria.

• P. aerogenes — found in pigs. A cause of wound infections from pig bites.
• P. anatipestifer — see Riemerella anatipestifer.
• P. anatis — see Gallibacterium anatis.
• P. avium — see Avibacterium avium.
• P. caballi — causes respiratory infections in horses.
• P. canis — commensal in dogs. Can cause bite wound infections and also pneumonia in cattle and sheep.
• P. dagmatis — commensal of dogs and cats. Cause of bite wound infections.
• P. gallinarum — see Avibacterium gallinarum.
• P. granulomatis — see Mannheimia granulomatis.
• P. haemolytica biotype A — now called Mannheimia haemolytica and M. glucosida.
• P. haemolytica biotype T — see P. trehalosi (below).
• P. langaaensis — a commensal of birds
• P. lymphangitidis — a cause of lymphangitis in cattle.
• P. mairii — a cause of abortion in sows.
• P. multocida (syn. P. septica) types A, B, D, E, F — the cause of hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle, sheep and pigs, fowl cholera of birds, pasteurellosis of rabbits, and gangrenous mastitis of ewes. It is also commonly found in atrophic rhinitis of pigs. Divided into three subspecies, gallicida, multocida and septica, but these do not appear to have any host species predilection.
• P. pestis — see yersinia pestis.
• P. piscicida — causes pasteurellosis in a range of marine warm water species especially in the Mediterranean and Japan.
• P. pneumotropica, P. stomatis — recovered from dogs, cats and rodents and may be involved in infected bite wounds. P. pneumotropica also causes pneumonia and abscesses in rodents.
• P. salpingitidis — see actinobacillus salpingitidis.
• P. skyensis — cause of mortalities in farmed Atlantic salmon.
• P. species A — cause of sinusitis and conjunctivitis in birds.
• P. species B — cause of wound infections. Possibly a commensal of dogs and cats.
• P. stomatis — commensal in dogs and cats, but can cause bronchitis in dogs and wound infections.
• P. testudinis — associated with respiratory disease in tortoises.
• P. trehalosa — (P. haemolytica biotype T) cause of septicemic disease in weaned sheep.
• P. trehalosi — cause of septicemic pasteurellosis in older lambs, goats and pigs. Previously called P. haemolytica biotype T.
• P. tularensis — see francisella tularensis.
• P. volantium — recovered from chickens. See Avibacterium volantium.

A genus of gramnegative bacilli or coccobacilli, including species pathogenic to humans and domestic animals. Pasteurella infections may be transmitted to humans by animal bites.

Pasteurella
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Pasteurellales
Family:	Pasteurellaceae
Genus:	Pasteurella Trevisan 1887
Species
P. aerogenes P. anatis P. avium P. bettyae P. caballi P. canis P. dagmatis P. gallicida P. gallinarum P. granulomatis P. langaaensis P. lymphangitidis P. mairii P. multocida P. oralis P. pneumotropica P. skyensis P. stomatis P. testudinis P. trehalosi P. ureae P. volantium

Pasteurella is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria.^[1][2] Pasteurella species are non-motile and pleomorphic. Most species are catalase-positive and oxidase-positive.^[3]

Pathogenesis

See: Pasteurellosis

Many Pasteurella species are zoonotic pathogens, and humans can acquire an infection from domestic pet bites.^[4][5] P. multocida is the most frequent causative agent in human Pasteurella infection.^[6] Common symptoms of pasteurellosis in humans include swelling, cellulitis, and bloody drainage at the site of the wound. Infections may progress to nearby joints where it can cause swelling and arthritis.

Pasteurella spp. are generally susceptible to chloramphenicol, the penicillins, tetracycline, and the macrolides.

In rabbits

P. multocida is also known cause of morbidity and mortality in rabbits, and the predominant syndrome is upper respiratory disease. P. multocida can be endemic among rabbit colonies and is often transmitted through nasal secretions. P. multocida can survive several days in water or moist areas.^[7]

References

1. ^ "Pasteurella". List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature. http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/p/pasteurella.html. Retrieved 2006-04-06. 
2. ^ Kuhnert P; Christensen H (editors). (2008). Pasteurellaceae: Biology, Genomics and Molecular Aspects. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-34-9 . http://www.horizonpress.com/past. 
3. ^ Health Protection Agency (2007). Identification of Pasteurella species and morphologically similar bacteria (.pdf). National Standard Method BSOP ID 13 Issue 2.1.
4. ^ "Pasteurella". Introduction To Clinical Microbiology. Archived from the original on 2006-01-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20060116020846/http://medic.med.uth.tmc.edu/path/00001514.htm. Retrieved 2006-04-06. 
5. ^ Mark A Marinella, MD. "Community-Acquired Pneumonia Due to Pasteurella multocida". http://www.rcjournal.com/contents/12.04/12.04.1528.pdf. 
6. ^ Collins FM (1996). Pasteurella, Yersinia, and Francisella. In: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Barron S et al., eds.) (4th ed. ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1. 
7. ^ Barbara Deeb, DVM, MS Assistant Professor Dept. of Comparative Medicine University of Washington. "Pasteurella multocida Infection in Rabbits". http://www.rabbit.org/care/pasteurella.html. 

External links

• Man 'first rabbit flu victim' - BBC News
• "Your Bunny Probably Has It - Pasteurella" by Astrid M. Kruse, DVM

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