Paul Simon: Biography from Answers.com

Paul Simon (born 1928) was a newspaper publisher, state legislator, lieutenant governor, and U.S. representative and senator, serving a total of 22 years in Congress. He was a "self-made" man who rose from being a "boy-wonder" in journalism and politics to a candidate for president of the United States.

Paul Simon was born November 29, 1928, in Eugene, Oregon. His parents, the Rev. Martin Paul and Ruth (Troemel) Simon, had only recently returned to the United States from Lutheran missionary work in China so that their child could be born in America.

Simon grew up in Eugene and entered the University of Oregon at age 16 to study journalism. In 1946 he transferred to Dana College in Blair, Nebraska, after his parents moved to Illinois to publish a religious periodical.

At age 19, Simon became the youngest editor-publisher in America. In 1948 he dropped out of college to purchase the Troy Tribune, a defunct weekly newspaper in a small southern Illinois town. He resurrected the paper and before long he made his reputation as a crusading journalist by exposing vice and syndicate gambling connections with local government officials. Simon eventually built a chain of 14 weekly newspapers. He sold them in 1966 to devote full time to public service, teaching, and writing.

Simon served a two year hitch as an enlisted soldier in the U.S. Army between 1951 and 1953. He was assigned to the Counter Intelligence Corps and spent most of his tour of duty along the former "Iron Curtain" in Europe. (The term, "Iron Curtain" referred to the political and ideological barrier between Western Europe and the Soviet Bloc nations, which continued from the end of World War II in 1945, until 1990).

Returning from service in the armed forces, Simon, a Democrat, was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives in 1954 at the young age of 25. He was reelected in 1956, 1958, and 1960.

On April 21, 1960, he married Jeanne Hurley, an attorney and state legislator. They became the first husband and wife team to serve in the Illinois General Assembly. He and his wife wrote a book, Protestant-Catholic Marriages Can Succeed (1967), to discuss interfaith marriages such as theirs. They had two children, Sheila and Martin.

Simon ran successfully for the Illinois Senate in 1962 and was reelected in 1966. He was respected as a reformer and hard worker, as seen by the record number of awards he garnered. The Independent Voters of Illinois, for example, granted him the "Best Legislator" award during each session he served.

The next stage of public service was reached in 1968. Simon became the lieutenant governor of Illinois. He was the first - and only - lieutenant governor to be elected with a governor of another political party. After his election, the Illinois constitution was changed to provide for the joint election of governor and lieutenant governor, thus assuring that the two office-holders would be members of the same party.

Simon entered the Democratic primary for governor in 1972. He lost by a narrow margin. It was his only loss at the polls. Out of public office, Simon turned to teaching. He taught history and government at Sangamon State University in Springfield, Illinois, and lectured at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy Institute of Politics.

Urged to return to public service, he focused on the national level. Simon ran for the U.S. House of Representatives from a large southern Illinois district. He was first elected in 1974 and then re-elected four times. Serving on the House Education and Labor Committee, he became one of the leading advocates of teacher and educational quality. He was a strong supporter of arms control talks and civil rights.

In 1984 Simon upset three-term Republican incumbent Charles Percy to win a seat in the U.S. Senate. As a senator, he worked on legislation to achieve arms control, to support health care for the elderly, and to promote human rights and a balanced budget. He strove to combat adult illiteracy and wrote about that in one of his many books, The Tongue-Tied American (1980). His legislative priority was a public works program that would guarantee a job to anyone who wanted to work. His eleventh book, Let's Put America Back To Work (1986), outlined his ideas for the locally run, project-oriented public programs.

On May 18, 1987, Simon announced that he would seek the nomination for president in the 1988 elections. At 58, he was the oldest announced candidate in the Democratic Party race and the one with the most electoral experience. Simon was distinguishable from the other announced contenders in both his appearance and issue stands. Dressed in the bow tie and horned-rimmed glasses that are his trademark, Simon sought to get across his image as a modern day Harry S. Truman and standard-bearer for traditional Democratic Party liberal ideas.

On the day he announced his candidacy, Simon declared his unwillingness to bend to any prevailing political winds. He stated: "I stand here as a Democrat, not as a neo-anything, as one who is not running away from the Democratic tradition of caring and daring and dreaming." He emphasized willingness to use the tools of government in programs for employment, education, farmers, housing, and long-term care for senior citizens. But Simon did not fare well in the Democratic caucuses and primaries, winning only his home state of Illinois.

For the next decade, Simon maintained keen interest in the politics of elections and their financing. In 1995, along with former governor William Stratton, a Republican, Simon led the newly-created Illinois Campaign Finance Task Force. Simon retired in early 1997 after serving 22 years in Congress. He intended to return to teaching at Southern Illinois University in Carbondale, Illinois, and to head a public policy institute there.

Paul Simon

United States Senator from Illinois
In office January 3, 1985 – January 3, 1997
Preceded by	Charles H. Percy
Succeeded by	Richard Durbin
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Illinois's 22nd District 24th District (1975–1983)
In office January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1985
Preceded by	Kenneth J. Gray
Succeeded by	Kenneth J. Gray
39th Lieutenant Governor of Illinois
In office January 13, 1969 – January 8, 1973
Governor	Richard B. Ogilvie
Preceded by	Samuel H. Shapiro (1968)
Succeeded by	Neil Hartigan
Member of the Illinois State Senate
In office 1963–1968
Member of the Illinois House of Representatives
In office 1955–1963
Personal details
Born	Paul Martin Simon November 29, 1928(1928-11-29) Eugene, Oregon
Died	December 9, 2003(2003-12-09) (aged 75) Springfield, Illinois
Nationality	American
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Jeanne Hurley Simon, Patricia Derge
Alma mater	University of Oregon Dana College
Profession	Newspaperman, intelligence officer
Religion	Lutheran
Military service
Service/branch	United States Army
Years of service	1951–1953
Battles/wars	Korean War

Early life and career

Simon was the son of Ruth (Tolzmann), a Lutheran missionary, and Martin Simon, a Lutheran minister who was a missionary to China.^[1] His father, a native of Wisconsin, was of German descent, and his mother, from Iowa, was adopted by a German-speaking family in St. Louis. Simon was born in Eugene, Oregon, shortly after his parents were forced back to America following a controversy about what the appropriate Chinese term for God should be. He was educated in Eugene's local schools and Concordia Academy High School (now Concordia University) in Portland, a Lutheran school.^[2] He attended the University of Oregon and Dana College in Blair, Nebraska, but never graduated. After meeting with local Lions Club members, he borrowed $3,600 to take over the defunct Troy Call newspaper in 1948, becoming the nation's youngest editor-publisher of the renamed Troy Tribune in Troy, Madison County, Illinois, eventually building a chain of 14 weeklies. His activism against gambling, prostitution, and government corruption while at the Troy Tribune forced the newly elected governor, Adlai Stevenson, to take a stand on these issues, creating national exposure for Simon that later resulted in his testifying before the Kefauver Commission.^[3]

Simon served in the United States Army during the Korean War from 1951 to 1953, becoming an intelligence officer. Upon his discharge, he began his political career, serving in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1955 to 1963. As a state legislator, he worked to achieve fiscal responsibility and to expand public utilities in rural parts of the state that did not yet have them. He was also active in promoting civil rights, and once hosted an event attended by former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt.

He was one of the youngest elected state legislators in Illinois history (at 26 he was only a year older than Abraham Lincoln had been when he entered the state legislature). He upset two Democratic Party machine candidates, and adopted his trademark bowtie when a newspaper account of a debate stated "the man with the bowtie did well." When he married Jeanne Hurley Simon on April 21, 1960, she was a member of the state legislature (1957–1961) and it was the first time in Illinois history that two sitting members of the General Assembly were married to each other. They had two children, Sheila and Martin. She did not seek re-election but was an integral part of Simon's rise to national prominence. She later became a successful lawyer and author, and served as chairperson of National Commission on Libraries and Information Science. She died in February 2000 of brain cancer.^[4] Upon her death, Illinois senator Richard Durbin delivered a tribute to Mrs. Simon on the senate floor.^[5]

In 2001, Simon married Patricia Derge.

He moved to the Illinois State Senate in 1963, serving there until 1968. He was elected Lieutenant Governor of Illinois in 1968 and served from 1969 to 1973. As a Democrat, he served with Republican Governor Richard B. Ogilvie. His bipartisan teamwork with Ogilvie produced the state's first income tax and paved the way for the state constitutional convention in 1969, which created the fourth and current Illinois Constitution. The Ogilvie-Simon ticket was the only one in Illinois history in which the governor and lieutenant governor were from opposing political parties. (On at least two other occasions there was an acting Lt. Governor from the opposing party. The state constitution ratified in 1970 requires the governor and lieutenant governor to run and be elected together on a joint ticket.)

Simon's 1972 campaign to win the Democratic nomination for governor was upset by Dan Walker, who went on to win in the general election.

Rise to national prominence

Following his defeat, Simon, drawing on his early newspaper experience and his good relations with the capitol press corps, started the Public Affairs Reporting graduate program at Sangamon State University in Springfield, Illinois,^[6] which has now helped launch the careers of more than 500 journalists especially prepared to cover government and politics.^[7] Simon, who had written his first four books at the time, also taught a course entitled "Non-Fiction Magazine and Book Writing" at Sangamon State and taught at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1973.

He resumed his political career and was elected as a Democrat to the 94th Congress in 1974 and was reelected to the four succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1985). He then ran and was elected to the United States Senate in 1984. Simon upset three-term incumbent Charles H. Percy with 50% of the vote to win the election.

In 1987–88, he sought the Democratic nomination for President, narrowly losing the Iowa caucus to U.S. Representative Richard Gephardt of Missouri. Gephardt won 31.24 percent of the weighted delegates to Simon's 26.68 percent, a margin of 4.56 points. Simon finished third in the New Hampshire primary and won the Illinois primary, but Michael Dukakis went on to win the Democratic nomination. Because he briefly captured the national attention and was considered a major candidate, he made an appearance on the popular television show Saturday Night Live, co-hosting with musician Paul Simon.^[8] Simon also "appeared" from time to time on SNL, as an impression by comedian Al Franken (who has a resemblance to Simon), who would run for and win a Senate seat in real life, also as a Democrat, some two decades later.

He won re-election to the U.S. Senate in 1990 by defeating U.S. Representative Lynn Morley Martin with 65 percent of the vote and by nearly 1 million votes – the largest plurality of any contested candidate for senator or governor of either party that year. While serving in the Senate, he co-authored an unsuccessful Balanced Budget Amendment with Republican Senator Orrin Hatch of Utah.^[9]

Simon was remembered for famously criticizing President George H. W. Bush during the 1992 presidential campaign when Bush claimed a central role in overseeing the collapse of the Soviet bloc and aggressively promoting the successes of his own presidency and the preceding Reagan administration in Eastern Europe during a speech at Chicago's Taste of Polonia. An attempt by Bush to woo Chicago's Polish community to win Illinois (an important state in the election) was roundly denounced by Simon, and Bush eventually lost the state.^[10] Simon did not seek reelection in 1996.

He was a prolific author. He came to national prominence in the 1960s, due in part to his well-researched book, Lincoln's Preparation for Greatness: The Illinois Legislative Years. Despite being published 100 years after Abraham Lincoln's death, it was the first book to exhaustively cite original source documents from Lincoln's eight years in the General Assembly. He later went on to write more than 20 books on a wide range of topics, including interfaith marriages (he was a Lutheran and his wife, Jeanne, was a Catholic), global water shortages, United States Supreme Court nomination battles that focused heavily on his personal experiences with Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas (he was on the Senate Judiciary Committee during these hearings), his autobiography, and even a well-received book on slain Illinois preacher Elijah Lovejoy. His last book, Our Culture of Pandering, was published in October 2003.

After his retirement from politics, he continued to play a role in public life by writing books, and through the SIU Public Policy Institute, which was named for him after his death.

Political positions

Simon spent his career denouncing racism, supporting women's rights, and encouraging equality for racial and ethnic minorities. He was a fiscal conservative who described himself as "a pay-as-you-go Democrat." As a senator, he overhauled the college student loan program to allow students and their families to borrow directly from the federal government, thus saving money by not using private banks to disburse the loans.^[11]

He fiercely took a stand against obscenity and violence in the media in the 1990s. His efforts against media violence partly led to the adoption of the V-chip.^[12]

He opposed the Contract with America and Clintonian welfare reforms, and was one of 21 senators who voted against the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act.^[13]

In foreign affairs, he promoted the military response to Somalia during the presidency of George H.W. Bush,^[14] and he was an outspoken critic of President Bill Clinton's response to the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. Simon believed America should have acted faster, and Clinton later said his belated response was the biggest mistake of his presidency.^[15] He is, together with Jim Jeffords, credited by Canadian Lieutenant-General Roméo Dallaire, Force Commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) from 1993 to 1994, for actively lobbying the U.S. administration into mounting a humanitarian mission to Rwanda during the genocide. According to Dallaire's book Shake Hands with the Devil, he "owe[s] a great debt of gratitude" to both senators.

Simon was also a supporter of Taiwan and opposed United States policy to isolate Taiwan. He was one of the Senators who convinced President Clinton to allow then-Republic of China President Lee Teng-hui to visit the United States.^[16]

Simon was a staunch opponent of the mandatory minimum sentence. In 1996 he and libertarian researcher Dave Kopel co-authored an article in National Law Journal denouncing the practice.^[17]

Public Policy Institute

Simon lived for many years in the small town of Makanda, south of Carbondale, where he was a professor and director of the SIU Public Policy Institute. While there, he tried to foster the Institute into becoming a think tank that could advance the lives of all people.

Activities included going to Liberia and Croatia to monitor their elections, bringing major speakers to campus, denouncing the death penalty, trying to end the United States embargo against Cuba,^[18] fostering political courage among his students, and promoting amendments to the Constitution to end the Electoral College and to limit the president to a single six-year term of office. Concerning the Electoral College during the controversial Election 2000 fiasco, Simon said, "I think if somebody gets the majority vote, they should be president. But, I don't think the system is going to be changed."

Simon believed modern presidents practice "followship," rather than leadership, saying, "We have been more and more leaning on polls to decide what we're going to do, and you don't get leadership from polls... and not just at the presidential level. It's happening with senators, House members and even state legislators sometimes [when they] conduct polls to find out where people stand on something."^[19]

Personal life

Simon is the brother of Arthur Simon, founder of Bread for the World.

In 1960, Simon married state Rep. Jeanne Hurley (Simon) (ca.1923–2000). The Simons had 2 children and were married for nearly 40 years. Their daughter Sheila was a member of the city council and a failed mayoral candidate in Carbondale. Sheila was elected Lieutenant Governor of Illinois, a job her father once held, on November 2, 2010. Mrs. Simon died in 2000 at the age of 77 due to brain cancer.

Simon remarried in May 2001 to Patricia Derge. Both Simon and his second wife were widowed. The marriage lasted until his death 2-1/2 years later at the age of 75. His widow is also the widow of former Southern Illinois University president David Derge.

Death and aftermath

Simon died in Springfield, Illinois following heart surgery at the age of 75 in 2003. WBBM-TV (CBS 2 Chicago) reported his death as a "massive gastric blow-out." Just four days before, despite being hospitalized and awaiting surgery, he had endorsed Howard Dean's 2004 presidential bid in a telephone conference call he conducted from his hospital bed.^[20] He was also an early supporter of Barack Obama's bid for the Democratic nomination for the Senate. After Simon's death, his daughter, Sheila, made a television commercial in which she declared "Barack Obama will be a U.S. senator in the Paul Simon tradition." The ad was considered a major reason for Obama's surprise victory in the Democratic primary. In the Senate, Obama praised Simon as a "dear friend."^[21]

In July 2005, the U.S. Senator Paul Simon Museum was opened in Troy, Illinois, where Simon lived for 25 years. It includes memorabilia from throughout his life, including the desk and camera from his days as a young editor of the Troy Tribune, items from his presidential campaign, and his lieutenant governor license plates.^[22]

Other

Simon made a humorous cameo in the 8th episode of the 13th season of Saturday Night Live, which was hosted by the musician Paul Simon. The duo did a comedy routine about often being mistaken for each other.
Simon made a brief cameo as himself in the 1993 political comedy film Dave.^[23]
Simon's daughter, Sheila Simon, is the Lieutenant Governor of Illinois. She previously served as a councilwoman in Carbondale and was a law professor at Southern Illinois University.^[24]

Publications

P.S.: The autobiography of Paul Simon by Paul Simon; ISBN 1-56625-112-5 ; Bonus Books, Inc., 1st ed.
Fifty-two Simple Ways to Make a Difference, 2004
Our Culture of Pandering, 2003
Healing America, 2003
How to Get into Politics – and Why (with Michael Dukakis), 2000
Tapped Out: The Coming World Crisis in Water and What We Can Do About It, 1998
The Dollar Crisis (with Ross Perot), 1996
Freedom's Champion: Elijah Lovejoy, 1995
We Can Do Better, 1994
Advice and Consent, 1992
Winners and Losers by Paul Simon, ISBN 0-8264-0428-6, The Continuum Publishing Company, 1989
Let's Put America Back to Work, 1987
Beginnings: Senator Paul Simon Speaks to Young Americans, 1986
The Glass House, 1984
The Once and Future Democrats, 1982
The Tongue-Tied American, 1980
The Politics of World Hunger (with Arthur Simon), 1973
You Want to Change the World? So Change It, 1971
Protestant-Catholic Marriages Can Succeed (with Jeanne Hurley Simon), 1967
A Hungry World, 1966
Lincoln's Preparation for Greatness, 1965
Lovejoy: Martyr to Freedom, 1964

References

^ [1]
^ "Simon, Paul Martin, (1928–2003)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. United States Congress. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000423. Retrieved 19 January 2010.
^ Dark Horse in a Bow Tie Michael Wright
^ NCLIS Chair Jeanne Simon Dies at 77 ALA
^ Congressional Record – Senate
^ Paul Simon Biography – Institute Founder (1928–2003), Paul Simon Public Policy Institute
^ What You Can Do with This Degree, University of Illinois Springfield
^ Former Sen. Paul Simon Dies Fox News
^ S.J.RES.41
^ Bush Courts Ethnic Voters Here, But Simon Rips His Claims of Aid to Poland
^ Tribute to Paul Simon Christopher Dodd
^ FCC Commissioners Review TV Violence Report John Eggerton
^ Senate Roll Call Record
^ Somalia: U.S. Intervention and Operation Restore Hope Valerie J. Lofland
^ Rwanda Richard J. Norton
^ Lee Teng-hui now welcome to the USA Taiwan Communiqué
^ Restore Flexibility to U.S. Sentences Paul Simon and Dave Kopel
^ Open Trade Key to Changing Cuba, Sen. Simon Tells Cancun Conference Jack Lyne
^ Simon: Time to reinvent the presidency Jason Coker
^ Awaiting surgery, Simon endorses Dean Chicago Tribune
^ Tone, Truth, and the Democratic Party Barack Obama
^ Simon museum will open in Troy Edwardsville Intelligencer
^ IMDB Record Internet Movie Database
^ [2]

External links

Paul Simon (politician) at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress Retrieved on 2008-07-20
Senator Paul Simon Papers at Southern Illinois University Carbondale Special Collections Research Center
Jeanne Hurley Simon Papers at Southern Illinois University Carbondale Special Collections
U.S. Senator Paul Simon Museum
Paul Simon Public Policy Institute
CNN obituary
Paul Simon Tribute in Daily Egyptian
Our Culture of Pandering, ISBN 0-8093-2529-2
"Paul Simon (politician)". Find a Grave. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=8168826. Retrieved 2008-07-20.
Booknotes interview with Jeanne Simon on Codename: Scarlett – Life on the Campaign Trail by the Wife of a Presidential Candidate, July 23, 1989.
Booknotes interview with Paul Simon on Advice and Consent: Clarence Thomas, Robert Bork and the Intriguing History of the Supreme Court's Nomination Battles, September 20, 1992.

Political offices
Preceded by Samuel H. Shapiro	Lieutenant Governor of Illinois 1969–1973	Succeeded by Neil Hartigan
United States House of Representatives
Preceded by Kenneth J. Gray	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 24th congressional district 1975–1983	District eliminated
Preceded by Dan Crane	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 22nd congressional district 1983–1985	Succeeded by Kenneth J. Gray
United States Senate
Preceded by Charles H. Percy	United States Senator (Class 2) from Illinois 1985–1997 Served alongside: Alan J. Dixon, Carol Moseley Braun	Succeeded by Richard Durbin

v d e United States Senators from Illinois

Class 2	Thomas McLean Baker Robinson McRoberts Semple S. Douglas Browning Richardson Yates Logan Davis Cullom Lewis McCormick Deneen Lewis Slattery Brooks P. Douglas Percy Simon Durbin

Class 3	Edwards McLean Kane Ewing Young Breese Shields Trumbull Oglesby Logan Farwell Palmer Mason Hopkins Lorimer Sherman McKinley Glenn Dieterich Lucas Dirksen Smith Stevenson III Dixon Moseley Braun Fitzgerald Obama Burris Kirk

v d e Lieutenant Governors of Illinois

Menard Hubbard Kinney Casey Ewing Jenkins Davidson Anderson Moore Wells McMurtry Koerner J. Wood Marshall Hoffmann Bross Dougherty Beveridge Early Glenn Schuman Hamilton Campbell Smith Ray Gill Northcott Sherman Oglesby O'Hara Oglesby Sterling Donovan Stelle Cross Dixon Chapman Shapiro P. Simon Hartigan O'Neal Ryan Kustra C. Wood Quinn S. Simon

United States presidential election, 1988

Republican Party
Convention • Primaries •
Primary results

Nominee: George H.W. Bush
VP Nominee: Dan Quayle

Candidates: Bob Dole · Pete du Pont · Ben Fernandez · Alexander Haig · Jack Kemp · Paul Laxalt · Isabell Masters · Pat Robertson · Donald Rumsfeld · Harold Stassen

Democratic Party
Convention • Primaries •
Primary results

Nominee: Michael Dukakis
VP Nominee: Lloyd Bentsen

Candidates: Douglas Applegate · Bruce Babbitt · Joe Biden (campaign) · David Duke · Dick Gephardt · Al Gore (campaign) · Gary Hart · Jesse Jackson (campaign) · Lyndon LaRouche · Andy Martin · Patricia Schroeder · Paul Simon · James Traficant

Third party and independent candidates

Libertarian Party	Nominee: Ron Paul (campaign) VP Nominee: Andre Marrou Candidates: Jim Lewis · Russell Means

New Alliance Party	Nominee: Lenora Fulani

Populist Party	Nominee: David Duke

Prohibition Party	Nominee: Earl Dodge

Socialist Equality Party	Nominee: Edward Winn

Socialist Party USA	Nominee: Willa Kenoyer VP Nominee: Ron Ehrenreich

Socialist Workers Party	Nominee: James Warren VP Nominee: Kathleen Mickells

Workers World Party	Nominee: Larry Holmes VP Nominee: Gloria La Riva

Independents and other candidates	Jack Herer · Lyndon LaRouche · Herbert Lewin · William A. Marra · Eugene McCarthy

Other 1988 elections: House • Senate • Gubernatorial

Persondata
Name	Simon, Paul Martin
Alternative names
Short description	Former United States Senator from Illinois
Date of birth	November 29, 1928
Place of birth	Eugene, Oregon
Date of death	December 9, 2003
Place of death	Springfield, Illinois

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Paul Simon

Paul Simon

Paul Simon

Paul Simon (politician)

Early life and career

Rise to national prominence

Political positions

Public Policy Institute

Personal life

Death and aftermath

Other

Publications

References

External links