Dictionary:
pen·tane (pĕn'tān') ![]() |
| 5min Related Video: pentane |
| Wikipedia: Pentane |
| n-Pentane | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name |
pentane
|
| Other names | n-pentane amyl hydride Skellysolve A |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 109-66-0 |
| PubChem | 8003 |
| RTECS number | RZ9450000 |
| SMILES |
CCCCC
|
| InChI |
1/C5H12/c1-3-5-4-2/h3-5H2,1-2H3
|
| ChemSpider ID | 7712 |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C5H12 |
| Molar mass | 72.15 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colourless liquid |
| Density | 0.626 g/cm³, liquid |
| Melting point |
−129.8 °C (143 K) |
| Boiling point |
36.1 °C (308 K) |
| Solubility in water | 0.004 g/100 mL (20 °C)[1] |
| Acidity (pKa) | ~45 |
| Viscosity | 0.240 cP at 20 °C |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | External MSDS |
| R/S statement | R: R12, R51/53, R65, R66, R67 S: (S2), S9, S16, S29, S33, S61, S62 |
| NFPA 704 | |
| Flash point | −49 °C |
| Related compounds | |
| Related alkanes | Butane, Isopentane, Neopentane, Hexane |
| Related compounds | Cyclopentane |
| Supplementary data page | |
| Structure and properties |
n, εr, etc. |
| Thermodynamic data |
Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas |
| Spectral data | UV, IR, NMR, MS |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
|
| Infobox references | |
Pentane is an organic compounds with the formula C5H12 — that is, an alkane with five carbon atoms. The term may refer to any of three structural isomers, or to a mixture of them:
| normal pentane unbranched pentane n-pentane |
isopentane methylbutane |
neopentane dimethylpropane |
In the IUPAC nomenclature, however, "pentane" means exclusively n-pentane; the other two being called "methylbutane" and "dimethylpropane".
Pentanes are components of some fuels and are employed as a specialty solvents in the laboratory. Their properties are very similar to those of butane and of the hexanes.
The branched isomers are more stable (have lower heat of formation and heat of combustion) than normal pentane. The difference is 1.8 kcal/mol for isopentane, and 5 kcal/mol for neopentane.[2]
Rotation about two central single C-C bonds of n-pentane produces four different conformations.[3]
Contents |
As the most volatile hydrocarbon that is liquid at room temperature, pentane is often used in the laboratory as a solvent that can be conveniently evaporated. Also because of its nonpolarity and lack of functionality, its dissolving power is poor, thus only non-polar and alkyl-rich compounds are soluble in it. Pentane is miscible, however, with most common nonpolar solvents such as chlorocarbons, aromatics, and ethers.
One of its applications as a laboratory solvent is in liquid chromatography.
All pentane isomers burn with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water:
As with other hydrocarbons, pentanes undergo free radical chlorination:
Such reactions are unselective; with n-pentane, the result is a mixture of the 1-, 2-, and 3-chloropentanes, as well as more highly chlorinated derivatives. Other radical halogenations can also occur.
While n-butane is the conventional feedstock in the production of maleic anhydride, n-pentane is also a substrate:
Pentane is one of the primary blowing agents used in the production of polystyrene foam.
Pentane is used as a working medium in geothermal power stations.
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Copyrights:
![]() | Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more | |
![]() | Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Pentane". Read more |
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