the Hyde shunt (1966-1974), LaVeen shunt (1974-1980), and Denver shunt

Complications following peritoneovenous shunt insertion are common and include infection, leakage of ascitic fluid, accumulation of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue.

refers to the surgical insertion of a shunting tube to achieve the continuous emptying of ascitic fluid into the venous system.

Once released from the hospital, the patient is expected to abstain from alcohol, and follow a low-salt diet and medication regime designed to control ascites.

the patient only requires a local anesthetic and a sedative. A long needle is inserted into the jugular vein in the neck, and is passed down through the superior vena cava.