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Perm

 
Dictionary: Perm   (pĕrm, pyĕrm) pronunciation

A city of west-central Russia on the Kama River in the foothills of the Ural Mountains. Founded in the early 18th century when a copper foundry was built there, it grew rapidly as an industrial center in the 19th century. Population: 989,000.

 

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Perm (pyĕrm), city (1990 est. pop. 1,090,000), capital of Perm Territory, NE European Russia, on the Kama River. It is a transfer center for rail and river traffic and a major producer of machinery in the Urals industrial region. Perm also has chemical plants and oil refineries. It was founded in 1780 and underwent rapid industrial growth in the 19th cent. Perm was called Molotov from 1940 to 1958. It is the seat of a university.


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Friday HI:  34°F / 1°C
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Last updated November 27, 2009 09:49 (EST)

Local Time: Perm, Russia
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It is 9:01 PM, November 27, in Perm (Russia).

Wikipedia: Perm
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Perm (English)
Пермь (Russian)
Перем (Komi-Permyak)
—  Inhabited locality  —
Perm, Sibirskay Street, 6.jpg
Sibirskaya Street
Perm is located in Russia
Location of Perm on the map of Russia
Coordinates: 58°0′N 56°19′E / 58°N 56.317°E / 58; 56.317Coordinates: 58°0′N 56°19′E / 58°N 56.317°E / 58; 56.317
Coat of Arms of Perm.svg
Coat of arms
Flag of Perm.png
Flag
Holiday June 12[citation needed]
Administrative status
Country Russia
Federal subject Perm Krai
In administrative jurisdiction of Perm Krai[citation needed]
Administrative center of Perm Krai, Permsky District[citation needed]
Municipal status
Municipal Status Urban okrug
City Head[citation needed] Igor Shubin[citation needed]
Representative body City Duma[citation needed]
Statistics
Area 799.68 km2 (308.8 sq mi)[citation needed]
Population (2002 Census) 1,001,653 inhabitants[1]
Rank 13th
- Density 1,253 /km2 (3,200/sq mi)[2]
Time zone YEKT/YEKST (UTC+5/+6)
Founded May 15, 1723[citation needed]
Postal code(s) 614xxx[citation needed]
Dialing code(s) +7 342[citation needed]
Official website http://www.gorodperm.ru/

Perm (Russian: Пермь, IPA [pʲɛrmʲ]; Komi-Permyak: Перем, Perem; Komi: Перым, Perym) is a city and the administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia. It is situated on the banks of the Kama River, in the European part of Russia near the Ural Mountains.

Perm's 2007 estimated population was 990,200 (2007 est.)[3], down from 1,001,653 recorded in the 2002 Census and 1,090,944 recorded in 1989 Census. As of the 2002 Census, the city was the thirteenth most populous in Russia.

Perm is served by Bolshoye Savino Airport and hosts Bakharevka air base.

The word "Perm" is probably Komi or Veps in origin. "Parma" is translated from Komi-Permyak language as a hilly place, covered with woods. Alternately, the name may originate from the Veps term "Pera maa" or "Perama" (distant land in English).

Contents

Geography

Kama River near Perm

Perm covers an area of 799.68 square kilometers (308.76 sq mi). It is the third-largest Russian city by area, after Moscow and Saint Petersburg.

The city of Perm is located on the bank of the Kama River upon hilly terrain. The Kama is the main tributary of the Volga River and the one of the deepest and most picturesque rivers of Russia. This river is the waterway which grants the Urals access to the White Sea, Baltic Sea, Sea of Azov, Black Sea, and Caspian Sea. Kama divides the city into two parts, the central part and the right bank part, and it stretches for 70 km along the Kama and 40 km across it. The city street grid parallels the Kama River, travelling generally east-west, while other main streets run perpendicularly to those following the river. The grid pattern accommodates the hills of the city where it crosses them.

Another distinguishing feature of the city's relief is the large quantity of small rivers and brooks. The largest of them are the Mulyanka, Yegoshikha, Motoviliha (all are on the left bank of Kama River), and Gaiva (on the right bank).

History

During the early Middle Ages, the region of Perm was populated by pagan Finno-Ugric tribes who lived to the southeast of the legendary Bjarmaland and northeast of Volga Bulgaria. Between the 13th and 14th centuries, Russian fur traders and Christian missionaries from Novgorod and later Moscow founded the first settlements in the area. Saint Stephen of Perm is credited with the conversion of the local population to Christianity in the late 14th century. In the 15th century, the Perm region, because of its highly profitable fur trade, was an object of a bitter rivalry between Novgorod and Moscow, and in 1472 Perm was finally annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, soldiers, merchants, Christian monks, and priests were followed by Tsarist administration officials and peasant settlers from western Russia.

Perm was first mentioned as a village, Yegoshikha, in 1647; however, the history of the modern city of Perm starts with the development of the Ural region by Tsar Peter I of Russia. Vasily Tatishchev, appointed by the Tsar as a chief manager of Ural factories, founded Perm together with another major center of the Ural region, Yekaterinburg.

Perm was founded on May 15 (May 4 in Julian calendar), 1723, and has had town status since 1781. By 1797, it was already an administrative center of the gubernia with the same name.

Ulitsa Pokrovskaya in central Perm around 1910.

In the 19th century, Perm became a major trade and industrial center with a population of more than 20,000 people in the 1860s, with several metallurgy, paper, and steamboat producing factories, including one owned by a British entrepreneur. In 1870, an opera theatre was opened in the city, and in 1871 the first phosphoric factory in Russia was built. In 1916, Perm State University — a major educational institution in modern Russia — was opened.

After the outbreak of the Russian Civil War, Perm became a prime target for both sides because of its military munitions factories. In December 1918 the Siberian White Army under Anatoly Pepelyayev (who acknowledged the authority of the Omsk Government of Aleksandr Kolchak), took Perm. In 1919 the city was retaken by the Red Army.

Grand Duke Mikail Alexandrovich was executed in the outskirts of Perm with his secretary Nicholas Johnson on June 12, 1918 on the orders of the Perm Cheka. Their bodies were never recovered. A few weeks later on July 7, 1918, Andronic Nikolsky, the Archbishop Of Perm, was also murdered by the Bolsheviks in the city. In 2000, the Russian Orthodox Church glorified him as Hieromartyr Andronik, Archbishop Of Perm, one of the Russian New Martyrs and Confessors.

Soviet Times

In the 1930s, Perm grew as a major industrial city, and aviation, shipbuilding, and chemical factories were built there. The process continued after the 1940s and virtually every major industry became represented by numerous factories in Perm. To this day almost 80% of the city's population is employed in manufacturing. During the Great Patriotic War (World War II), Perm was a vital center of artillery production in the Soviet Union.

From 1940 until 1957 the city was named Molotov (Мо́лотов), after Vyacheslav Molotov.

Modern city

TGC-9

The city is a major administrative, industrial, scientific, and cultural center. The leading industries include machinery, defence, oil production (about 3% of Russian output), oil refining, chemical and petrochemical, timber and wood processing and the food industry.

Administrative divisions

Administrative divisions
Building of the Perm Administration

Perm is divided into seven city districts:

City District Population (2002 Census)
Dzerzhinsky (Дзержи́нский) 153,403
Industrialny (Индустриа́льный) 160,039
Kirovsky (Ки́ровский) 126,960
Leninsky (Ле́нинский) 57,569
Motovilikhinsky (Мотови́лихинский) 176,564
Ordzhonikidzevsky (Орджоники́дзевский) 11,631
Sverdlovsky (Свердло́вский) 215,487

Culture

The Perm Opera and Ballet House is the one of the best in Russia[4]. There are many other theatres in Perm, such as the Drama theatre, the Puppet Theatre, the Theatre for Young Spectators, the Theatre "Near Bridge", etcetera

Perm Opera and Ballet House

The city contains museums and galleries. The Perm State Art Gallery is recognized for its outstanding collections of art, including paintings from the 15th to 18th century art movements, and wooden sculptures from the region. It is housed in a notable early 19th century structure, once an orthodox cathedral. The spire of the museum towers over the rest of Perm, as it is situated on the Komsomolsky Prospect. [1] [2] Perm is in the news for the new Museum of Contemporary Art, which came into existence officially in March 2009. Marat Guelman left Moscow to join this Museum. Some wonder if Perm will become the new Bilbao with this burst of artistic activity. [3] [4]

Education

Perm is a scientific center; some of the scientific institutes are combined in the Perm Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Perm is a home to several major universities including Perm State University [5], Perm State Technical University [6], Perm State Teachers' Training University, Perm State Medical Academy [7], Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy [8], Perm State Agricultural Academy, The Institute of Art and Culture, Perm State Choreographic School[9], Perm branch of state university Higher school of economics [10] and others. There are also three military schools in Perm.

Transport

Perm is an important railway junction on the Trans-Siberian Railway with lines radiating to Central Russia, north part of Ural, far east of Russia. The Kama River is an important link in the unifying deep-water system of the European part of Russia. The river connects the city with European waterways. It is possible to ship cargo from Kama river area to the sea ports of White, Baltic, Azov, Black, and Caspian seas without reloading.[11]

Perm is served by the international airport Bolshoye Savino, 16 km south-west.

Perm's public transit network includes tram, bus, and trolleybus routes.

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Perm is twinned with:

Sport

The three main professional sports played in Perm are football, ice hockey and basketball. The largest football club in Perm is Amkar, who play in the Russian Premier League[14]. Perm is also home to the two-time Russian Basketball Super League champions, Ural Great. The largest Ice hockey team based in Perm is Molot-Prikame Perm who play in the Vysshaya Liga.[15]

Notable citizens

See: Category:People from Perm

The following people were either born in Perm or made names for themselves while residing there.

Monument to Fyodor Gral

See also

References

  1. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_04_1.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-19. 
  2. ^ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2002 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the Census (2002).
  3. ^ Perm citizens — The Official website of Perm Administration.
  4. ^ Барыкина Л. Пермяки высадились на Манхэттене//Ведомости от 25.01.2008
  5. ^ Perm State University
  6. ^ Заставка - Пермский государственный технический университет
  7. ^ Perm State Academy Of Medicine
  8. ^ http://www.psfa.ru/english/
  9. ^ Perm State Ballet college
  10. ^ Государственный университет - Высшая школа экономики
  11. ^ Transport infrastructure — Perm regional server.
  12. ^ "Cities Twinned with Duisburg". 2009 Duisberg City Council. http://www.duisburg.de/micro/english/introducing/102010100000187829.php. Retrieved 2009-09-09. 
  13. ^ "List of Twin Towns in the Ruhr Destrict". © 2009 Twins2010.com. http://www.twins2010.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pic/Dokumente/List_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf?PHPSESSID=2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd. Retrieved 2009-10-28. 
  14. ^ http://www.uraltourism.com/sport_russia_perm.php
  15. ^ http://www.uraltourism.com/perm.php

External links

Education


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