Perm

Perm (English) Пермь (Russian)
Sibirskaya Street
Perm on the map of Russia
Coordinates 58°0′N 56°19′E / 58°N 56.317°E / 58; 56.317Coordinates: 58°0′N 56°19′E / 58°N 56.317°E / 58; 56.317
Coat of Arms	Flag
City Day: June 12
Administrative status
Federal subject In jurisdiction of Administrative center of	Perm Krai Perm Krai Perm Krai, Permsky District
Local self-government
Charter	Charter of Perm
Municipal status	Urban okrug
City Head	Igor Shubin
Representative Body	City Duma
Area
Area	799.68 km² (308.8 sq mi)
Population
2002 Census - Rank - Density	1,001,653 inhabitants 13th 1,252.6/km² (3,244.2/sq mi)
Events
Founded	May 15, 1723
Town status	October 29, 1781
Renamed Molotov	1940
Renamed Perm	October 2, 1957
Other information
Postal code	614xxx
Dialing code	+7 342
Official website
http://www.gorodperm.ru/

This article may require copy-editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone or spelling. You can assist by editing it now.  (December 2008)

Perm (Russian: Пермь, pronounced [pʲɛrmʲ], Komi: Перым, Perym) is a city and administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia. It is situated on the banks of the Kama River, in the European part of Russia near the Ural Mountains.

Perm's 2007 estimated population was 990,200 (2007 est.)^[1], down from 1,001,653 recorded in the 2002 Census and 1,090,944 recorded in 1989 Census. As of the 2002 Census, the city was the thirteenth most populous in Russia.

Perm is served by Bolshoye Savino Airport and hosts Bakharevka air base.

The word "Perm" is probably Komi or Veps in origin. "Parma" is translated from Komi-Permyak language as a hilly place, covered with woods. The other version is that Perm comes from Veps "Pera maa" or "Perama" (distant land in English).

Geography

Kama River near Perm

Perm covers an area of 799.68 square kilometers (308.76 sq mi)

The city of Perm is located on the bank of the Kama River. The Kama is the main tributary of the Volga River and the one of the deepest and most picturesque rivers of Russia. The Kama is the water-way which grants the Urals access to the White Sea, Baltic Sea, Sea of Azov, Black Sea, and Caspian Sea. Kama divides the city into two parts, Central part and right-banked part. The city stretches for 70 km along the Kama and 40 km across it. The city street grid parallels the Kama River, flowing generally east-west. Other main streets run perpendicular to those following the river. The grid pattern starts again to accommodate the hills of the city.

The city is situated on hills. The distinguishing feature of the city's relief is the large quantity of small rivers and brooks. The largest of them are the Mulyanka, Yegoshikha, Motoviliha (all are in left bank of Kama River), and Gaiva (in right bank of Kama River).

History

During the early Middle Ages, the region of Perm was populated by pagan Finno-Ugric tribes who lived to the southeast of the legendary Bjarmaland and northeast of Volga Bulgaria. Between the 13th and 14th centuries, Russian fur traders and Christian missionaries from Novgorod and later Moscow founded the first settlements in the area. Saint Stephen of Perm is credited with the conversion of the local population to Christianity in the late 14th century. In the 15th century, the Perm region, because of its highly profitable fur trade, was an object of a bitter rivalry between Novgorod and Moscow, and in 1472 Perm was finally annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, soldiers, merchants, Christian monks, and priests were followed by Tsarist administration officials and peasant settlers from the western Russia.

Perm was first mentioned as a village, Yegoshikha, in 1647; however, the history of the modern city of Perm starts with the development of the Ural region by Tsar Peter I of Russia. Vasily Tatishchev, appointed by the Tsar as a chief manager of Ural factories, founded Perm together with another major center of the Ural region, Yekaterinburg.

Perm was founded on May 15 (May 4 in Julian calendar), 1723, and has had town status since 1781. By 1797, it was already an administrative center of the gubernia with the same name.

Ulitsa Pokrovskaya in central Perm around 1910.

In the 19th century, Perm became a major trade and industrial center with a population of more than 20,000 people in the 1860s, with several metallurgy, paper, and steamboat producing factories, including one owned by a British entrepreneur. In 1870, an opera theatre was opened in the city, and in 1871 the first phosphoric factory in Russia was built. In 1916, Perm State University — a major educational institution in modern Russia — was opened.

After the outbreak of the Russian Civil War, Perm became a prime target for both sides because of its military munitions factories. In December 1918 the Siberian White Army under Anatoly Pepelyayev (who acknowledged the authority of the Omsk Government of Aleksandr Kolchak), took Perm. In 1919 the city was retaken by the Red Army.

Grand Duke Mikail Alexandrovich was executed in the outskirts of Perm with his secretary Nicholas Johnson on June 12, 1918 on the orders of the Perm Cheka. Their bodies were never recovered. A few weeks later on July 7, 1918, Andronic Nikolsky, the Archbishop Of Perm, was also murdered by the Bolsheviks in the city. In 2000, the Russian Orthodox Church glorified him as Hieromartyr Andronik, Archbishop Of Perm, one of the Russian New Martyrs and Confessors.

Early color photographs by Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky, taken in 1910

General view of City of Perm	General view of the city of Perm from Gorodskie Gorki	Razguliai, outskirts of the city of Perm	Mary Magdalene Church of the city Perm
Summertime location of the exchange in the city Perm	Prokudin-Gorskii - Staro-Sibirskaia Gate in the city of Perm	Kama river near Perm	Headquarters of the Ural Railway Administration in the city of Perm

Soviet Times

In the 1930s, Perm grew as a major industrial city, and aviation, shipbuilding, and chemical factories were built there. The process continued after the 1940s and virtually every major industry became represented by numerous factories in Perm. To this day almost 80% of the city's population is employed in manufacturing. During the Great Patriotic War (World War II), Perm was a vital center of artillery production in the Soviet Union.

From 1940 until 1957 the city was named Molotov (Мо́лотов), after Vyacheslav Molotov.

Modern city

TGC-9

The city is a major administrative, industrial, scientific, and cultural center. The leading industries include machinery, defence, oil production (about 3% of Russian output), oil refining, chemical and petrochemical, timber and wood processing and the food industry.

Administrative divisions

Administrative divisions

Building of the Perm Administration

Perm is divided into seven city districts:

Culture

The Perm Opera and Ballet House is the one of the best in Russia^{[citation needed]}. There are many other theatres in Perm such as the Drama theatre, the Puppet Theatre, the Theatre for Young Spectators, the Theatre "Near Bridge" and so on.

Perm Opera and Ballet House

The city contains museums and galleries. The Perm State Art Gallery is recognized for its outstanding collections of art, including paintings from the 15th to 18th century art movements, and wooden sculptures from the region. It is housed in a notable early 19th century structure, once an orthodox cathedral. The spire of the museum towers over the rest of Perm, as it is situated on the Komsomolsky Prospect. [1] [2] Perm is in the news for the new Museum of Contemporary Art, which came into existence officially in March 2009. Marat Guelman left Moscow to join this Museum. Some wonder if Perm will become the new Bilbao with this burst of artistic activity. [3] [4]

Education

Perm is scientific center. Some of institutes combine into Perm scientific center of ural branch Russian Academy of Sciences.

Perm is a home to several major universities including Perm State University ^[2], Perm State Technical University ^[3], Perm State Teachers' Training University, Perm State Medical Academy ^[4], Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy ^[5], Perm State Agricultural Academy, The Institute of Art and Culture, Perm State Choreographic School^[6], Perm branch of state university Higher school of economics ^[7] and others. There are also three military schools in Perm.

Transport

Perm is an important railway junction on the Trans-Siberian Railway with lines radiating to Central Russia, north part of Ural, far east of Russia. Kama River is an important link in the unifying deep-water system of the European part of Russia. The river connects city with European water-routes. It is possible to ship cargo from Kama river area to the sea ports of White, Baltic, Azov, Black, and Caspian seas without reloading. ^[8]

There is one international airport in Perm Bolshoye Savino (Big Savino).

Perm's public transit network includes streetcar (tram), bus, and trolleybus routes.

Sister cities

Perm is the sister city of (twinned with):

• Agrigento, Italy
• Orléans, France
• Louisville, Kentucky, United States (1994)
• Oxford, United Kingdom (1995)
• Duisburg, Germany (2007)
• Cherkasy, Ukraine
• Shenzhen, China

Sport

The three main professional sports played in Perm are football, ice hockey and basketball. The largest football club in Perm is Amkar, who play in the Russian Premier League^[9]. Perm is also home to the two-time Russian Basketball Super League champions, Ural Great. The largest Ice hockey team based in Perm is Molot-Prikame Perm who play in the Vysshaya Liga.^[10]

Notable citizens

See: Category:People from Perm

The following people were either born in Perm or made names for themselves while residing there.

• Viktor Petrovich Astafiyev, a Russian writer of short stories and novels;
• Tatiana Borodina, opera soprano;
• Sergei Diaghilev, ballet impresario;
• Alexey Victorovich Ivanov, a modern Russian writer;
• Fyodor Gral, a doctor.

Monument to Fyodor Gral

• Alexandra Kosteniuk, chess Grandmaster;
• Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak, a Russian author;
• Nikolai Moiseev, a astronomer;
• Fyodor Petrov was a Soviet artillery designer;
• Natasha Poly, a Russian supermodel.
• Alexander Stepanovich Popov, physicist who was the first to demonstrate the practical application of electromagnetic waves (radio);
• Arkadiy Dmitrievich Shvetsov, a Soviet aircraft engine designer;
• Nikolai Slavyanov, the inventor of new method in arc welding;
• Peter Berngardovich Struve, a Russian political economist, philosopher and editor;
• Yuri Trutnev, a Minister of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation;
• Andrey Nikoforovich Voronikhin, a Russian architect and painter. As a representative of classicism he was also one of the founders of the monumental Russian Empire style;
• Konstantin Zyryanov, a Russian footballer.

See also

• Saint Stephen of Perm
• Yegoshikha River
• Great Perm

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Perm

• Perm regional server
• The Official Website of the Perm Municipal Duma
• Official Perm City website
• Perm Chamber of Commerce and Industry
• The Western Ural Photographic Album
• Virtual museum of Romanov in Perm
• History of Perm
• Perm and Perm Region Information on Kommersant Publishing webpage (also, see all other Russian subjects of the Federation)
• The city of Perm - The poem of the town
• Perm for travelers Sights of Perm and Perm's region
• General info on the city of Perm
• "The Perm Days" is the regional newspaper issued in English language. That is an investment, business, tourist guide for foreign guests of Perm Krai.
• Article about Perm Ballet
• S.Kishkovsky "Modern Dance and Art Bring a Burst of Color to a Gray City"
• Pictures of Perm, Russia [5]

Education

• Perm State University
• Perm State Technical University
• Perm State Medical Academy
• Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy
• Perm State Choreographic School

v • d • e Cities and towns in Perm Krai Administrative center: Perm Alexandrovsk · Berezniki · Chaykovsky · Cherdyn · Chermoz · Chernushka · Chusovoy · Dobryanka · Gornozavodsk · Gremyachinsk · Gubakha · Kizel · Krasnokamsk · Krasnovishersk · Kudymkar · Kungur · Lysva · Nytva · Ochyor · Okhansk · Osa · Solikamsk · Usolye · Vereshchagino