They were facing a Persian punitive expedition sent against
them. They saw an opportunity when the Persian cavalry was loaded
on ships and left the Persian infantry unsupported.
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Datis and Artaphernes, the generals appointed by Persian king
Darius I to command the punative expedition against Athens and
Eritea.
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M. H. Donohoe has written:
'With the Persian expedition'
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1. Ionian Revolt
2. Persian punitive expedition against Eretria and Athens