phantom

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also n.

1. 1. Something apparently seen, heard, or sensed, but having no physical reality; a ghost or an apparition.
   2. Something elusive or delusive.
2. An image that appears only in the mind; an illusion.
3. Something dreaded or despised.

adj.

1. Resembling, characteristic of, or being a phantom; illusive.
2. Fictitious; nonexistent: phantom employees on the payroll.

[Middle English fantom, from Old French fantosme, probably from Vulgar Latin *phantauma, from Greek dialectal *phantagma, from Greek phantasma. See phantasm.]

A hypothetical person used as a model for assessing body shape. The unisex phantom is defined by designated body measurements and skin fold measurements, and has an arbitrary stature of 1.7 metres, and a body mass of 64.8 kg.

noun

A supernatural being, such as a ghost: apparition, bogey, bogeyman, bogle, eidolon, ghost, phantasm, phantasma, revenant, shade, shadow, specter, spirit, visitant, wraith. Informal spook. Regional haunt. See beings, supernatural.

n

Definition: ghost; figment of the imagination
Antonyms: reality

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(fan′tum)
n

A device that absorbs and scatters x-radiation in approximately the same way as the tissues of the body.

reference human; unisex reference human

A hypothetical human used as a model for assessing human proportionality, particularly among elite athletes. The unisex phantom is defined by designated body length. body girth, body breadth, and skinfold measurements, and has an arbitrary stature of 1.7018 m and body mass of 64.58 kg.

In The Shell and the Kernel, published in 1978, Maria Torok and Nicolas Abraham attempted to provide a revised metapsychological approach to their concept of the phantom. The work, which is presented as a collection of older or unpublished articles, is in fact the second volume of Anasémies, the first volume of which appeared in 1976 under the title The Wolf Man's Magic Word: A Cryptonomy.

Anasémies is a relatively difficult theoretical-clinical work, "a psychoanalytic and transphenomenological space" with an important introduction by Jacques Derrida, "FORS: Les mots anglés de Nicolas Abraham et Maria Torok." The work is one that signaled a fecund period of reflection about the processes of transgenerational transmission as they were initially addressed by psychoanalysts and later reconsidered by child psychoanalysts, especially from the point of view of so-called developmental psychoanalysis.

In the second volume of Anasémies, chapter four is devoted to the concept of the "crypt" and chapter six to the "work of the phantom in the unconscious and the law of ignorance." The following lines appear at the head of the chapter: "The phantom is the work in the unconscious of the inadmissible secret of an Other (incest, crime, illegitimacy). Its law is the obligation of ignorance. Its manifestation, as anxiety, is the return of the phantom in bizarre words and acts and symptoms (phobic, obsessive, and so on). The phantom's universe can be objectivized in fantastic stories. There then occurs a particular affect that Freud described as the 'uncanny."'

By reworking and somewhat demetaphorizing the concepts of incorporation, identification, crypt, and phantom, Abraham and Torok arrive at the following formulations: "The phantom is also a metapsychological fact. That is, it is not the dead that haunt us but the gaps left in us by the secrets of others. Although the phantom is not associated with the loss of an object, it could (therefore) be the result of a failed process of mourning . . . The phantom of popular belief merely objectivizes a metaphor that operates in the unconscious: the burial in the object of an inadmissible fact . . . . The phantom is a formation of the unconscious, which is peculiar in the sense that it has never been conscious—and with good reason—and which results from the passage—whose mode remains to be deter-mined—of the parent's unconscious to the child's unconscious . . . . The phantom who returns to haunt is the witness of the existence of death buried in the other. . . . By extending our ideas about the phantom, we can see that, in all likelihood, the 'phantom effect' is attenuated during its transmission from one generation to another, ultimately extinguishing itself."

These comments illustrate the drama of the "cryptophoric" subject and the dialectic that arises between incorporation and identification, to the extent that the fantasy of incorporation can play a role as a factor of identificatory refusal through the maintenance of the metapsychological status quo. Abraham and Torok's The Shell and the Kernel concludes with a study of Hamlet's ghost.

These essays are part of a line of research that has developed in France through the work of authors such as Alain de Mijolla, Haydée Faimberg, Jean-José Baranès, and Jean Cournut, who have assumed critical positions with respect to the theory of the phantom and suggested other approaches to so-called transgenerational phenomena. The work of Abraham and Torok was continued by Serge Tisseron, Didier Dumas, and Claude Nachin.

Bibliography

Abraham, Nicolas. (1968). L'écorce et le noyau. Critique,249.

Abraham, Nicolas; and Torok, Maria. (1972). Deuil ou mélancolie: introjecter-incorporer. Nouvelle Revue de psychanalyse, 6, 111-122.

——. (1986). The Wolf Man's magic word: A cryptonymy. (Nicholas Rand, Trans.) Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. (Original work published 1976) ——. (1994). The shell and the kernel: Renewals of psychoanalysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1978)

Dumas, Didier. (1985). L'Ange et le fantôme: introductionà la clinique de l'impensé généalogique. Paris: Minuit.

Mijolla, Alain de. (1981). Les visiteurs du moi, fantasmes d'identification, confluents psychanalytiques, 2d. ed. Paris: Les Belles Lettres.

——. (1987). Unconscious identification fantasies and family prehistory. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 68, 397-403.

—BERNARD GOLSE

1. a model of the body or of a specific part thereof.
2. a device for simulating the in vivo effect of radiation on tissues.

• p. mare — a dummy of a mare used to collect semen for artificial insemination. A padded, hollow device about the height and width that would suit the stallion to be used. Excellent for collecting from an insecure or lame stallion.
• p. parturition — see false pregnancy.
• p. pregnancy — see false pregnancy.

Nickname of the F-4B jet fighter aircraft flown by Marines in Vietnam.

IN BRIEF: An unreal figure, such as a ghost or apparition. Also a mental image that has no physical reality.

Poetry is a phantom script telling how rainbows are made and why they go away. — Carl Sandburg (1878-1967)

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Dansk (Danish)
n. - fantasibillede, fantom, blændværk
adj. - fantom-

idioms:

• phantom circuit    firerkredsløb
• phantom limb    fantomoplevelse
• phantom pregnancy    indbildt graviditet

Nederlands (Dutch)
spook, hersenschim, fantoom (medisch), denkbeeldig, anoniem, schijnbaar

Français (French)
n. - fantôme, (Aviat) Phantom
adj. - fantôme

idioms:

• phantom circuit    circuit fantôme
• phantom limb    (Méd) membre fantôme
• phantom pregnancy    grossesse nerveuse

Deutsch (German)
n. - Phantom, Phantasiegebilde, Trugbild
adj. - Phantom-

idioms:

• phantom circuit    Phantomkreis
• phantom limb    (Med.) Phantomglied
• phantom pregnancy    (Med.) Scheinschwangerschaft

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - φάντασμα, στοιχειό, φάσμα
adj. - φανταστικός

idioms:

• phantom circuit    φασματικό κύκλωμα
• phantom limb    το αίσθημα της ύπαρξης του μέλους μετά από ακρωτηριασμό
• phantom pregnancy    (υστερική) ψευδοκύηση, ανεμογκάστρι

Italiano (Italian)
fantasma, spettro

idioms:

• phantom circuit    circuito telegrafico
• phantom limb    arto fantasma
• phantom pregnancy    gravidanza isterica

Português (Portuguese)
n. - fantasma (m), ilusão (f)
adj. - ilusório, aparente

idioms:

• phantom circuit    circuito fantasma
• phantom limb    órgão fantasma (sensação em membro amputado)
• phantom pregnancy    gravidez psicológica

Русский (Russian)
фантом, призрак, фантомный, призрачный

idioms:

• phantom circuit    фантомная цепь
• phantom limb    фантомная конечность (после ампутации)
• phantom pregnancy    ложная беременность

Español (Spanish)
n. - fantasma
adj. - fantasmal, ilusorio, inexistente

idioms:

• phantom circuit    circuito fantasma
• phantom limb    sensación evocada de un miembro amputado
• phantom pregnancy    pseudoembarazo, embarazo psicológico

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - skenbild, vålnad
adj. - spöklik, sken-

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
幻影, 幽灵, 虚位, 错觉的, 幽灵的, 幻影的

idioms:

• phantom circuit    幻像电路, 幻像线路
• phantom limb    四肢切除后还有四肢仍存在的幻觉
• phantom pregnancy    伪妊娠, 精神性假妊娠

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 幻影, 幽靈, 虛位
adj. - 錯覺的, 幽靈的, 幻影的

idioms:

• phantom circuit    幻像電路, 幻像線路
• phantom limb    四肢切除後還有四肢仍存在的幻覺
• phantom pregnancy    偽妊娠, 精神性假妊娠

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 환영, 망상, 유령
adj. - 환영의, 망상의

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 幽霊, 幻, 幻影

idioms:

• phantom circuit    重信回線
• phantom limb    幻肢
• phantom pregnancy    想像妊娠

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) شبح, طيف, شيء يرى بعين الخيال ويظل يلاحق المرء (صفه) شبحي, وهمي, طيفي, كاذب‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮חזון-תעתועים, רוח רפאים, רוח, שד, יצור דמיוני, דגם של גוף אדם או חלקו המשמש להתנסות בשיטות ניתוח או להמחשתן‬
adj. - ‮כרוח רפאים, דגם של גוף אדם או חלקו המשמש להתנסות בשיטות ניתוח או להמחשתן‬

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phantom	The Phantom Of The Opera
Phantom Of The Opera	phantom 500