(b. Kassel, 26 July 1864; d. Copenhagen, 29 Nov. 1939) German; Chancellor of Germany 1919, SPD co-chairman 1917 – 19 Scheidemann was a printer by trade and alter a journalist and editor of the SPD paper in Kassel. Due to his speaking skills and ambition he was elected to the SPD executive in 1911. Like Ebert, he supported the war in 1914, remaining in the leadership of the SPD and becoming co-chairman with Ebert in 1917. He was a member of the last government of the Kaiser, under Prince Max of Baden, in 1918, becoming a member of the first Social Democratic government of Ebert in November of that year. On 9 November 1918 Scheidemann proclaimed the "Free German Republic" from the balcony on the Reichstag in front of an excited crowd. He had no authority to do so, but his proclamation changed German history. Ebert, who had just taken over as head of government, would have settled for a constitutional monarchy, but Scheidemann was attempting to forestall the Lenin-inspired. Karl Liebknecht, who was about to proclaim a German Socialist Republic.
Scheidemann followed Ebert as Chancellor in February 1919 but resigned in June rather than agree to the Versailles Treaty. He was mayor of Kassel from 1920 to 1925. Like other SPD leaders he was subjected to a campaign of personal abuse and an attempted assassination. He left Germany when the Nazis took over in 1933, living the Copenhagen, where he continued his Social Democratic activities until his death in 1939.
Philipp Scheidemann
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Bibliography
See his memoirs, The Making of New Germany (tr. 1929, repr. 1970).
| Wikipedia: Philipp Scheidemann |
| Philipp Scheidemann | |
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| In office February 13 – June 20, 1919 |
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| Preceded by | Friedrich Ebert |
| Succeeded by | Gustav Bauer |
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| Born | 26 July 1865 |
| Died | 29 November 1939 (aged 74) |
| Political party | SPD |
Philipp Scheidemann (26 July 1865 Kassel – 29 November 1939 Copenhagen) was a German Social Democratic politician, who proclaimed the Republic on 9 November 1918, and who became the second Chancellor of the Weimar Republic.
Beginning his career as a journalist, Scheidemann became a Reichstag delegate for the Social Democrats in 1903, and soon rose to be one of the principal leaders of the party. During the First World War, Scheidemann, along with Friedrich Ebert was leader of the majority faction of the party, which continued to vote for war credits, limiting his opposition to the war to urging the negotiation of a compromise peace. When the Social Democrats were included in the cabinet for the first time in Prince Max of Baden's government in October 1918, Scheidemann entered the government as a minister without portfolio.
Following the Kaiser's abdication on November 9, Prince Max resigned in favour of Ebert. Although the new government intended to support a constitutional monarchy, probably in the person of one of the Kaiser's grandsons, Scheidemann, concerned in the face of a possible workers' revolution in Berlin, unilaterally proclaimed the Republic from a balcony in the Reichstag building. The timing of this proclamation was probably due to the expectation of a similar proclamation of a "Workers' Republic" by the communists led by Karl Liebknecht, which indeed followed a couple hours later.
Scheidemann continued to serve as a leader in the Provisional Government which followed for the next several months, and following the meeting of the National Assembly in Weimar in February 1919, Ebert was appointed Reich President, and Scheidemann became Chancellor, in the Weimar Coalition with the German Democratic Party and the Catholic Center Party. Scheidemann resigned in June along with the DDP owing to disagreement with the Treaty of Versailles, and never again served in the government, although he remained active in politics, serving as Mayor of Kassel (1920-1925), and then again as a Reichstag delegate, where he exposed military opposition to the Republic. Scheidemann went into exile following the Nazi takeover in 1933, and died in Denmark shortly after the outbreak of the Second World War.
Cabinet February 1919 - June 1919
- Philipp Scheidemann (SPD) - Reichs Chancellor
- Dr. Eugen Schiffer (DDP) - Vice Chancellor and Finance Minister
- Dr. Ulrich Graf von Brockdorff-Rantzau - Foreign Minister
- Dr. Hugo Preuß (DDP) - Interior Minister
- Dr. Otto Landsberg (SPD) - Justice Minister
- Rudolf Wissell (SPD) - Economics Minister
- Robert Schmidt (SPD) - Food Minister
- Gustav Bauer (SPD) - Labour Minister
- Gustav Noske (SPD) - Defence Minister
- Dr. Johannes Bell (Z) - Transportation Minister and Colonial Minister
- Johannes Giesberts (Z) - Postal Minister
- Dr. Eduard David (SPD) - Minister without Portfolio
- Matthias Erzberger (Z) - Minister without Portfolio
Changes
- March 1919 - Dr. Georg Gothein (DDP) enters the cabinet as Treasury Minister.
- April 1919 - Dr. Bernhard Dernburg (DDP) succeeds Schiffer as Vice-Chancellor and Finance Minister.
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| Preceded by Wilhelm Solf |
Colonial Minister of Germany 1918–1919 |
Succeeded by Johannes Bell |
| Preceded by Siegfried Graf von Roedern |
Finance Minister of Germany 1918–1919 |
Succeeded by Eugen Schiffer |
| Preceded by Friedrich Ebert |
Chancellor of Germany 1919 |
Succeeded by Gustav Bauer |
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External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Philipp Scheidemann |
- Philipp Scheidemann in the German National Library catalogue (German) (German)
- Biografie bei Lemo (German)
- Biografie bei Preußen-Chronik (German)
- Texte im Internet bei litlinks.it (German)
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