Piccadilly line

Colour on map	Dark blue
Year opened	1906
Line type	Deep Tube
Rolling stock	1973 Tube Stock
Stations served	53
Length	71 km (44.3 mi)
Depots	Cockfosters Northfields
Journeys made	176,177,000 (per annum)
Rail lines of Transport for London
London Underground lines   Bakerloo   Central   Circle   District   Hammersmith & City   Jubilee   Metropolitan   Northern   Piccadilly   Victoria   Waterloo & City Other lines   Docklands Light Railway   Tramlink   Overground
London Transport Portal

The Piccadilly line is a line of the London Underground, coloured dark blue on the Tube map. It is the third busiest line on the Underground network judged by the number of passengers transported per year. It is mainly a deep-level line running from the north to the west of London via Zone 1, with a number of surface sections mostly in its westernmost parts. Out of the 53 stations served, 25 are underground.

Contents 1 History 1.1 The beginnings 1.2 Later changes 1.2.1 Cockfosters extension 1.2.2 Westward extensions 1.2.3 Victoria line 1.2.4 Heathrow extension 1.3 2005 terrorist attack 2 Infrastructure 2.1 Rolling stock 2.2 Signalling 2.3 Service pattern 2.4 Map 3 Stations 3.1 Cockfosters branch 3.2 Original Section 3.3 Extension to Hounslow and Uxbridge 3.4 Heathrow branch 3.5 Uxbridge branch 4 Closed stations 5 Future 6 Sources 7 See also 8 References 9 External links

History

The beginnings

See Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway for detailed histories of the Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway (GNP&BR), the Great Northern & Strand Railway (GN&SR), and the Brompton & Piccadilly Circus Railway (B&PCR).

The Piccadilly line began as the Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway (GNP&BR), one of several railways controlled by the Underground Electric Railways Co of London Ltd (UERL), whose chief director was Charles Tyson Yerkes, although he died before any of his schemes came to fruition.

The GN&PBR was formed from the merger of two earlier, but unbuilt, tube-railway companies taken over in 1901 by Yerkes' consortium: the Great Northern & Strand Railway (GN&SR) and the Brompton & Piccadilly Circus Railway (B&PCR). The GN&SR's and B&PCR's separate routes were linked with an additional section between Piccadilly Circus and Holborn. A section of the Metropolitan District Railway's scheme for a deep-level tube line between South Kensington and Earl's Court was also added in order to complete the route.

When the GNP&BR was formally opened on 15 December 1906, the line ran from the Great Northern Railway's station at Finsbury Park to the District Railway's station at Hammersmith.

On 30 November 1907, the short branch from Holborn to the Strand (later renamed Aldwych) opened, which had been planned as the last section of the GN&SR before the amalgamation with the B&PCR was made. In 1905 (and again in 1965), plans were made to extend it the short distance south under the River Thames to Waterloo, but this never happened. Although built with twin tunnels, single-line shuttling became the norm on the branch from 1918 on, with the eastern tunnel closed to traffic.

Later changes

On 1 July 1910, the GNP&BR and the other UERL-owned tube railways (the Baker Street & Waterloo Railway, the Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway) were merged, by private Act of Parliament,^[1][2] to become the London Electric Railway Company.

On 10 December 1928, a rebuilt Piccadilly Circus station was formally opened. This included a sub-surface booking hall and eleven escalators, replacing the original lifts, and was the start of a considerable renovation of the whole railway, which included a comprehensive programme of station enlargement, on the same basis as the improvements at Piccadilly Circus.

Cockfosters extension

From the 1920s onwards there had been severe congestion at the line's northern terminus, Finsbury Park, where travellers had to change on to trams and buses for destinations in North and North East London. There had been deputations made to Parliament, asking for an early extension of the line either towards Tottenham and Edmonton or towards Wood Green and Palmers Green. The early 1930s was a time of recession, and in order to relieve unemployment Government capital was made available. The chief features of the scheme were an extension northwards from Finsbury Park to Cockfosters. It was also planned to build a station between Manor House and Turnpike Lane at the junction of Green Lanes and St Ann's Rd in Harringay, but this was stopped by Frank Pick who felt that the bus & tram service at this point was adequate. However, a 'Ventilation Station', in similar architectural style to tube stations of the time was provided at the site, and is visible today. There was also some opposition from the London and North Eastern Railway to the line. The extension is in tube from Finsbury Park to a point a little south of Arnos Grove. The total length of the extension is 12 km (7.7 miles): it cost £4 million to build and was opened in sections as follows:

• 19 September 1932: to Arnos Grove
• 13 March 1933: to Enfield West (now Oakwood), in conjunction with the westward extension to Hounslow West
• 19 July 1933: completion to Cockfosters

Westward extensions

Powers to link with existing tracks west of Hammersmith were originally obtained in 1913. A Parliamentary report of 1919 recommended through running to Richmond and Ealing. By the end of the 1920s the priority had shifted to serving the areas around Hounslow and north and west of Ealing. The outcome involved taking over the inner pair of tracks between Hammersmith and Acton Town as a non-stop service, while the Metropolitan District Railway would continue to provide the stopping service on the outer pair of tracks.^[3] Construction of the linking sections started in 1930, and the services opened as follows.

• to Uxbridge: the District Railway had operated services to Uxbridge since 1910. The District services were taken over by the Piccadilly line:
  • 4 July 1932: extended from Hammersmith to South Harrow
  • 23 October 1933 (after formation of the London Passenger Transport Board): to Uxbridge
• to Hounslow: the line from Acton Town was quadrupled to Northfields on 18 December 1932 and the Piccadilly line was extended:
  • 9 January 1933: to Northfields
  • 13 March 1933: to Hounslow West, in conjunction with the eastern extension to Enfield West.

These extensions are notable for the Art Deco architecture of many of their stations, often designed by Charles Holden.

Victoria line

During the planning stages of the Victoria line, a proposal was put forward to transfer Manor House station to the Victoria line, and also to build new "direct" tunnels from Finsbury Park to Turnpike Lane station, thereby cutting the journey time in and out of Central London. This idea was eventually shelved due to the inconvenience to passengers that would have been caused during re-building, as well as the costs of the new tunnels. Even so, the Piccadilly line was still affected at Finsbury Park by the construction of the Victoria line. The westbound service was re-directed through new tunnels, to give cross-platform interchange with the Victoria line on the platforms previously used by the Northern City Line. This work was completed in 1965, and the diversion came into use on 3 October 1965, three years before the opening of the first stage of the Victoria line.

Heathrow extension

In 1975, a new tunnel section was opened to Hatton Cross from Hounslow West. Hounslow West became a tunnel section station. In 1977, the branch was extended to Heathrow Central. This station was renamed Heathrow Terminals 1, 2, 3 in 1984, with the opening of a one-way loop serving Heathrow Terminal 4, to the south of the central terminal area.

From 7 January 2005 to 17 September 2006, the loop via Heathrow Terminal 4 was closed to allow the connection of a spur line to the future Heathrow Terminal 5 station. All underground services reverted to two-way working into Terminals 1, 2 and 3, which again became the temporary terminus; shuttle buses served Terminal 4 from the Hatton Cross bus station. For a brief period in the summer of 2006, the line terminated at Hatton Cross and shuttle buses also ran to Terminals 1, 2, 3 while the track configuration and tunnels were altered for the Terminal 5 link from that station. The station at Terminal 5 opened on 27 March 2008.

2005 terrorist attack

On 7 July 2005, a Piccadilly line train was attacked by suicide bomber Germaine Lindsay. The blast occurred at 08:50 BST while the train was travelling between King's Cross St. Pancras and Russell Square. It was part of a co-ordinated attack on London's transport network, and was synchronised with three other attacks — two on the Circle line and one on a bus at Tavistock Square. A relatively small high-explosive device, concealed in a rucksack, was used; the bomber died in the explosion.

The Piccadilly line bomb resulted in the largest number of fatalities, with 26 people reported killed. Evacuation proved to be more difficult as it is a deep level line, difficult for the emergency services to reach. The entire line remained closed for the rest of the day. Parts of the line re-opened on 8 July, with no service between Hyde Park Corner and Arnos Grove, and full service was restored on 4 August, exactly four weeks after the bomb.

Infrastructure

Rolling stock

Like virtually all Underground lines, the Piccadilly line is operated by a single type of rolling stock, in this case the 1973 tube stock, in the standard London Underground livery of blue, white and red. Seventy-six trains out of a fleet of 88 are needed to run the line's peak service, and one unit was severely damaged by the terrorist attack of 7 July 2005. While the stock was recently refurbished, it is due for replacement by 2014.^[4]

The line was previously worked by 1959 stock, 1956 stock, 1938 stock, standard tube stock and 1906 gate stock.

The line has two depots, at Northfields and Cockfosters. There are sidings at Oakwood, South Harrow, Arnos Grove, Rayners Lane, Down Street, Wood Green, Acton Town, Ruislip and Uxbridge.

Signalling

The line is controlled from the control centre at Earl's Court, which it used to share with the District line. It is in need of resignalling, and this work is planned to be carried out by 2014.

Service pattern

The current service pattern is:

6tph Cockfosters - Heathrow Terminal 5 (via Terminals 1, 2, 3)

6tph Cockfosters - Heathrow Terminal 4 (returning around the loop and serving Terminals 1, 2, 3)

3tph Cockfosters - Uxbridge

3tph Cockfosters - Rayners Lane

6tph Arnos Grove - Northfields

(tph = trains per hour, e.g. 3tph is a train every 20 minutes)

Half of the Uxbridge trains turn back at Rayners Lane - a 10-minute service runs between Acton and Rayners Lane, with a 20-minute service to Uxbridge (this section is supplemented by the Metropolitan line).

Often late evening services terminate at Oakwood instead of Cockfosters.

Other services operate at times, especially at the start and towards the end of the traffic day.

Map

Maps correct to 2007. Does not include Heathrow Terminal 5 station.
The TFL line diagram is available online.

Stations

Piccadilly line

Legend Cockfosters Cockfosters Depot Oakwood Southgate Arnos Grove Arnos Grove sidings Bounds Green Wood Green Turnpike Lane Manor House Finsbury Park Arsenal Holloway Road Caledonian Road York Road (closed 1932) King's Cross St. Pancras                 Russell Square Holborn Aldwych (closed 1994) Covent Garden Leicester Square Piccadilly Circus Green Park Down Street (closed 1932) Hyde Park Corner Knightsbridge Brompton Road (closed 1934) South Kensington Gloucester Road Earl's Court District Line Barons Court Hammersmith Fast section  Ravenscourt Park Stamford Brook Turnham Green (early mornings/late evenings only) District Line to Richmond Chiswick Park Acton Town Ealing Common Central Line District Line to Ealing Broadway Uxbridge branch  North Ealing Park Royal (opened 1931) Central Line Park Royal & Twyford Abbey (closed 1931) Alperton Sudbury Town Sudbury Hill ( Sudbury Hill Harrow) South Harrow Metropolitan Line Rayners Lane Eastcote Ruislip Manor Ruislip Central Line Ickenham Hillingdon (closed 1992) Hillingdon (opened 1992) Uxbridge Depot Uxbridge (closed 1938) Uxbridge (opened 1938) South Ealing Northfields Northfields Depot Boston Manor Osterley & Spring Grove (closed 1934) Osterley (opened 1934) Hounslow East Hounslow Town Hounslow Central Hounslow West (closed 1975) Hounslow West (opened 1975) River Crane Hatton Cross Heathrow Terminals 1, 2, 3 Heathrow Terminal 4 Heathrow Terminal 5

(In order from east to west.)

Cockfosters branch

• Cockfosters, opened 31 July 1933 (One of the two depots is located here).
• Oakwood, opened 13 March 1933 (as Enfield West); renamed Enfield West (Oakwood) 3 May 1934; renamed 1 September 1946.
• Southgate, opened 13 March 1933 (in deep-level tunnel).
• Arnos Grove, opened 19 September 1932 (Trains may terminate here: there are several sidings for stabling trains).

Tunnel section commences

• Bounds Green, opened 19 September 1932.
• Wood Green, opened 19 September 1932.
• Turnpike Lane, opened 19 September 1932.
• Manor House, opened 19 September 1932.

Original Section

• Finsbury Park , opened 15 December 1906.
• Arsenal, opened 15 December 1906 (as Gillespie Road); renamed Arsenal (Highbury Hill) 31 October 1932; the suffix was later dropped.
• Holloway Road, opened 15 December 1906.
• Caledonian Road , opened 15 December 1906.
• King's Cross St. Pancras , opened 15 December 1906 (as King's Cross); renamed King's Cross for St. Pancras 1927; renamed 1933.
• Russell Square, opened 15 December 1906.
• Holborn, opened 15 December 1906; renamed Holborn (Kingsway) 22 May 1933; the suffix was later dropped.
• Covent Garden, opened 11 April 1907.
• Leicester Square, opened 15 December 1906.
• Piccadilly Circus, opened 15 December 1906.
• Green Park, opened 15 December 1906 (as Dover Street); renamed 18 September 1933.
• Hyde Park Corner, opened 15 December 1906 (In the event of disruption, trains may terminate here due to a crossover).
• Knightsbridge, opened 15 December 1906.
• South Kensington, opened 8 January 1907.
• Gloucester Road, opened 15 December 1906.
• Earl's Court, opened 15 December 1906.

Tunnel section ends

• Barons Court, opened 15 December 1906.
• Hammersmith, opened 15 December 1906.

Extension to Hounslow and Uxbridge

• Turnham Green, opened 1 January 1869 by the London & South Western Railway; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 June 1963.
• Acton Town, opened 1 July 1879 by the Metropolitan District Railway, later District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932.

The line splits here into two branches — the Heathrow branch and the Uxbridge branch.

Heathrow branch

(Continuing from Acton Town.)

• South Ealing, opened 1 May 1883 by the Metropolitan District Railway, later District line; first served by the Piccadilly line 29 April 1935.
• Northfields, opened 16 April 1908 by the District (one of the two depots is here and some trains terminate here); first served by the Piccadilly line 9 January 1933.
• Boston Manor, opened 1 May 1883 by the District; first served by the Piccadilly line 13 March 1933.
• Osterley, opened 23 March 1934.
• Hounslow East : opened 2 May 1909 (as Hounslow Town) by the District renamed 1 December 1925; first served by the Piccadilly line 13 March 1933.
• Hounslow Central, opened as 1 April 1886 (Heston-Hounslow) by the District, renamed 1 December 1925; first served by the Piccadilly line 13 March 1933.

Tunnel section recommences

• Hounslow West , opened 21 July 1884 (as Hounslow Barracks) by the District, renamed 1 December 1925; first served by the Piccadilly line 13 March 1933, resited 19 July 1975.
• Hatton Cross, opened 19 July 1975.
• Heathrow Terminal 4 , opened 12 April 1986.
• Heathrow Terminals 1, 2, 3 , opened 16 December 1977 (as Heathrow Central); renamed Heathrow Central Terminals 1,2,3 on 3 September 1983; renamed 12 April 1986.
• Heathrow Terminal 5 , opened 27 March 2008.

Just beyond Heathrow Terminals 1, 2, 3 tube station, the line goes into a new section to serve Heathrow Terminal 5 tube station, which opened in March 2008. Half of all Heathrow trains use the loop and serve Terminal 4 and the other half omit Terminal 4 and serve Terminal 5.^[5]

Uxbridge branch

(continued from Acton Town)

• Ealing Common, first served 4 July 1932.
• North Ealing, opened 23 June 1903 by the District; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932.
• Park Royal, opened 6 July 1931 by the District; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932; renamed Park Royal (Hanger Hill) 1 March 1936; renamed 1947.
• Alperton, opened 28 June 1903 (as Perivale-Alperton) by the District; renamed 7 October 1910; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932.
• Sudbury Town , opened 28 June 1903 by the District; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932.
• Sudbury Hill ( Sudbury Hill Harrow), opened 28 June 1903 by the District; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932.
• South Harrow, opened 28 June 1903 by the District; first served by the Piccadilly line 4 July 1932; closed when re-located 4 July 1935; re-opened 5 July 1935.
• Rayners Lane, opened 1 March 1910 by the District; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933 (from here to Uxbridge trains share track with Metropolitan Line, and some trains terminate here).
• Eastcote, opened 1 March 1910 by the District; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933.
• Ruislip Manor, opened 5 August 1912 by the District; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933.
• Ruislip, opened 1 March 1910 by the District; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933 (some trains terminate here in Monday-Friday peak hours).
• Ickenham, opened 1 March 1910 by the District; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933.
• Hillingdon , opened 10 December 1923 by the District; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933; renamed Hillingdon (Swakeleys) April, 1934; the suffix was later dropped; closed when re-located 5 December 1992; re-opened 6 December 1992.
• Terminus: Uxbridge , opened 1 March 1910 by the District; first served by the Piccadilly line 23 October 1933; closed when re-located 3 December 1938; re-opened 4 December 1938.

Closed stations

• Aldwych opened on 30 November 1907 as the Strand tube station. It was at the end of a branch line from the main line at Holborn. An evening through-northbound 'Theatre' train ran until 1910. From 1917 onwards, it was served only by a shuttle from Holborn. In the same year it was renamed Aldwych when Charing Cross on the Northern Line was renamed Strand. It was temporarily closed in 1940 during World War II to be used as an air-raid shelter. It re-opened in 1946. The possibility of extending the branch to Waterloo was discussed, but the scheme never proceeded.^[6] Aldwych was finally closed on 30 September 1994; the level of use was said to be too low to justify the £1 million in estimated costs of a complete replacement of the lifts. The station is regularly used by film makers.

• Brompton Road opened 15 December 1906; closed 30 July 1934, between Knightsbridge and South Kensington.

• Down Street opened 15 December 1906; closed 21 May 1932, between Green Park and Hyde Park Corner.

• Osterley & Spring Grove first served 13 March 1933; closed 24 March 1934 between Boston Manor and Hounslow East. It was replaced by Osterley.

• Park Royal & Twyford Abbey opened 23 June 1903; closed 5 July 1931. Although on the route of the current Piccadilly line a short distance north of the present Park Royal station, it was never served by Piccadilly line trains. It was opened by the District line, the original operator of the line between Ealing Common and South Harrow, and was closed and replaced by the present Park Royal station before the Piccadilly line started running trains to South Harrow in 1932.

• York Road opened 15 December 1906; closed 19 September 1932, between King's Cross St Pancras and Caledonian Road. It has been suggested^[7] that this station may be reopened to serve new developments on the nearby King's Cross railway lands, although the number of passengers expected to use the station may not be high enough to justify the cost of refitting it to modern standards. The road the station served, 'York Road', has since been renamed 'York Way'.

Future

The Piccadilly line will be upgraded in 2014-15 and will have a stock named 2014 tube stock.

Sources

• Barker, T. C.; Robbins, Michael (1974). A History of London Transport: Volume two - the Twentieth Century to 1970. George Allen & Unwin Ltd. 

See also

• Leslie Green — architect of the Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway's early stations
• Vauxhall Cross tube station - fictional Piccadilly line tube station

References

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2007)

External links

• "Piccadilly line facts". Transport for London. http://www.tfl.gov.uk/tfl/corporate/modesoftransport/tube/linefacts/?line=piccadilly. Retrieved 2008-07-11. 
• The Piccadilly Line

v • d • e Piccadilly line Stations Main route Acton Town · Arnos Grove · Arsenal · Barons Court · Bounds Green · Caledonian Road · Cockfosters · Covent Garden · Earl's Court · Finsbury Park  · Gloucester Road · Green Park · Hammersmith · Holborn · Holloway Road · Hyde Park Corner · King's Cross St. Pancras  · Knightsbridge · Leicester Square · Manor House · Oakwood · Piccadilly Circus · Russell Square · Southgate · South Kensington · Turnham Green · Turnpike Lane · Wood Green Heathrow branch Boston Manor · Hatton Cross · Heathrow Terminals 1, 2, 3  · Heathrow Terminal 4  · Heathrow Terminal 5  · Hounslow Central · Hounslow East · Hounslow West · Northfields · Osterley · South Ealing Uxbridge branch Alperton · Ealing Common · Eastcote · Hillingdon · Ickenham · North Ealing · Park Royal · Rayners Lane · Ruislip · Ruislip Manor · South Harrow · Sudbury Hill · Sudbury Town · Uxbridge Rolling stock Present stock 1973 Stock History Former companies Brompton & Piccadilly Circus Railway Railway · Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway · Great Northern & Strand Railway · Metropolitan District Railway · Underground Electric Railways Company Former stations Aldwych · Brompton Road · Down Street · Osterley & Spring Grove · Park Royal & Twyford Abbey · York Road Former rolling stock 1906 Stock · 1938 Stock · 1956 Stock · 1959 Stock · Standard Stock Rejected plans Angel · Aldgate · Alexandra Palace, Hornsey and Harringay · Goldhawk Road and Acton · Parsons Green · Shepherd's Bush · Waterloo Future stations First Central London Underground · Transport for London London Transport Portal