pilot
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(pī'lət) 
n.
n.
- One who operates or is licensed to operate an aircraft in flight.
- Nautical.
- One who, though not belonging to a ship's company, is licensed to conduct a ship into and out of port or through dangerous waters.
- The helmsman of a ship.
- One who guides or directs a course of action for others.
- The part of a tool, device, or machine that leads or guides the whole.
- A pilot light, as in a stove.
- A television program produced as a prototype of a series being considered for adoption by a network.
- To serve as the pilot of.
- To steer or control the course of. See synonyms at guide.
- Serving as a tentative model for future experiment or development: a pilot project.
- Serving or leading as guide.
[Obsolete French, helmsman, from Old French, from Old Italian pilota, alteration of pedota, from Medieval Greek *pēdōtēs, from Greek pēda, steering oar, pl. of pēdon, blade of an oar.]
WORD HISTORY The pilot of an aircraft speeding through the air and the pilot of a watercraft plowing through the water both drag an etymological foot on the ground. Surprisingly enough, considering its modern contexts, the English word pilot can be traced back to the Indo-European root *ped-, meaning "foot." From the lengthened-grade suffixed form *pēdo- came the Greek word pēdon, "blade of an oar," and in the plural, "steering oar." In Medieval Greek there is assumed to have existed the derivative *pēdōtēs, "steersman," which passed into Old Italian and acquired several forms, including pedota, and pilota, the form that was borrowed into Old French as pilot. English borrowed the word from French, and as pilot it has moved from the water to the air, first being recorded in 1848 with reference to an airborne pilot-a balloonist.
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Broadcast: sample television or radio program produced to introduce networks or prospective sponsors to the potential of an entire new series. The pilot affords advertisers the opportunity to become acquainted with the specific format, talent, and quality of the production, which in turn will help facilitate their sponsorship decision. For the producer, however, the creation of pilots is an expensive proposition. Producers must invest many hours in script editing, shooting, and hiring talent, and speculate large amounts of money that can be divided among programs only if the series is sold.
Outdoor advertising: bulletin used as a sample by agencies to plan an optimal way to display an advertising message. Artists use pilots to show advertisers the impact that different graphic variations of an advertising message can have on their strategy.
Roget's Thesaurus:
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pilot
noun
- Something or someone that shows the way: conductor, director, escort, guide, lead, leader, shepherd, usher. See show/hide.
verb
- To run and control (a motor vehicle): drive, motor, wheel. Slang tool. See move/halt.
- To direct the course of carefully: guide, jockey, maneuver, navigate, steer. Idioms: back and fill. See control/uncontrol, move/halt.
- To show the way to: conduct, direct, escort, guide, lead, route, shepherd, show, steer, usher. See show/hide.
adjective
- Constituting a tentative model for future experiment or development: experimental, test, trial. See start/end.
Columbia Encyclopedia:
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pilot
pilot, person responsible for safe navigation of a ship or airplane. A ship's pilot is an individual possessing local knowledge of coastal waters. Usually licensed by public authority (in the United States, by the U.S. Coast Guard), he is taken on board to conduct a ship to or from port. The airplane pilot, in contrast to the ship's pilot, has overall command of the craft, which is operated, generally, with the assistance of a copilot. Before an airplane pilot can be licensed in the United States, he must clock a prescribed amount of solo flying experience and pass a series of tests given by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration.
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This entry contains information applicable to United States law only.
In maritime law, a person who assumes responsibility for a vessel at a particular place for the purpose of navigating it through a river or channel, or from or into a port.
The captain, or master, of a large ship has total command in the high seas. However, when a ship enters or leaves a port, or enters a river or channel, the captain turns over navigation to a local pilot. Because of safety and commercial concerns, state and federal maritime law governs the licensing and regulation of pilots.
A docking pilot directs the tugboats that pull a ship from the pier. Once the ship has cleared the pier and is under way in the harbor, the docking pilot leaves the ship and turns navigation over to a harbor pilot. Every ship that enters and leaves a port must have a harbor pilot aboard. Once the ship reaches open water, a small boat picks up the harbor pilot and returns the pilot to port. The captain then resumes full command of the ship.
The harbor pilot must have a thorough knowledge of every channel, sandbar, and other obstacle that could run the ship aground, strike another ship, or cause an accident that would endanger the ship, its crew, its cargo, and any passengers on board. The pilot must also be an experienced sailor who knows how to maneuver a ship through crowded harbors.
Either the state or federal government licenses pilots to ensure that vessels will be properly operated in state and U.S. waters. Federal law requires that federally registered pilots navigate ships on the Great Lakes, and state law regulates the need for pilots in bays, inlets, rivers, harbors, and ports. Where the waters are the boundary between two states, the owner of the ship can hire a pilot who has been licensed by either state to navigate the vessel to and from port.
State and federal laws impose qualifications for a pilot's license. A pilot must have the highest degree of skill as a sailor and may be tested on that knowledge. The individual may be required to submit written references from persons for whom he or she has served as an apprentice. In addition, the applicant must obtain a reference from a licensed pilot. The pilot may also be required to post a bond.
Once licensed, the pilot must act in a professional manner. A license can be revoked or suspended for adequate cause, such as when the pilot has operated the ship while intoxicated. The pilot has the right to appeal to a court an administrative body's decision to deny licensure or to impose discipline.
The legal rights and responsibilities of the harbor pilot's action in navigating vessels are well settled. The pilot has primary control of the navigation of the vessel, and the crew must obey any pilot order. The pilot is empowered to issue steering directions and to set the course and speed of the ship and the time, place, and manner of anchoring it. The captain is in command of the ship except for navigation purposes. The captain can properly assume command over the ship when the pilot is obviously incompetent or intoxicated.
The pilot must possess and exercise the ordinary skill and care of one who is an expert in a profession. A pilot can be held personally liable to the owners of the vessel and to other injured parties for damages resulting from negligence that causes a collision. The pilot will be responsible for damages if his or her handling of the ship was unreasonable, according to persons of nautical experience and good seamanship, at the time of the accident. The negligence of a pilot in the performance of duty is a maritime tort within the jurisdiction of a court of admiralty, which deals only with maritime actions.
Sign Language Videos:
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pilot
sign description: The sign PLANE is followed by the PERSON AGENT MARKER.
Random House Word Menu:
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categories related to 'pilot'
- Machinery and Mechanical Devices - pilot: device that guides action of machine or part
- Aviation and Aerodynamics - pilot: person who operates aircraft controls
- Parts, Practices, and Argot - pilot: cowcatcher
- Nautical Occupations - pilot: harbor officer who boards and steers ship’s entry into harbor; person who steers a ship into port; helmsman
- Seamanship and Port - pilot: (vb) direct ship’s course, esp. in and out of port or through difficult waters
- Soldiers and Military Life - pilot: airplane flier
- Occupations and Job Titles
- Television Programming and Institutions - pilot: introductory test episode of proposed new program
- Respectful or Admiring Reference
See crossword solutions for the clue
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For information on payments in lieu of taxes, see PILOT (finance). For PILOT Reports, see PIREP.
Programmed Instruction, Learning, Or Teaching (PILOT) is a simple historic programming language developed in the 1960s.[1] Like its younger sibling LOGO, it was an early foray into the technology of computer assisted instruction (CAI).
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Contents
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History
PILOT was developed by John Amsden Starkweather, a psychology professor at the University of California, San Francisco medical center. In 1962 he developed a simple language for automating learning tests called Computest. Starting in 1968, he developed a follow-on project called PILOT, for various computers of the time such as the SDS 940.[2]
Language syntax
A line of PILOT code contains (from left to right) the following syntax elements:
- an optional label
- a command letter
- an optional Y (for yes) or N (for no)
- an optional conditional expression in parentheses
- a colon (":")
- an operand, or multiple operands delimited by commas.
A label can also be alone in a line, not followed by other code. The syntax for a label is an asterisk followed by an identifier (alphanumeric string with alphabetic initial character).
Command letters
The following commands are used in "core PILOT". Lines beginning with "R:" indicate a remark (or a comment) explaining the code that follows.
R:Next line of input replaces current contents of accept buffer A: R:Next line of input replaces accept buffer, and string variable 'FREE' A:$FREE R:Next 3 lines of input assigned to string variables 'X', 'Y' and 'Z' A:$X,$Y,$Z R:Numeric input assigned to numeric variable "Q" A:#Q
- C
- Compute and assign numeric value. Most PILOT implementations have only integer arithmetic, and no arrays. Example:
R:Assign arithmetic mean of #X and #Y to #AM C:#AM=(#X+#Y)/2
- D
- Dimension an array, on some implementations.
- E
- End (return from) subroutine or (if outside of a subroutine) abort program. Always used without any operand.
- J
- Jump to label. Example:
J:*RESTART
- M
- Match the accept buffer against string variables or string literals. Example:
R:Search accept buffer for "TRUTH", the value of $MEXICO and "YOUTH", in that order M:TRUTH,$MEXICO,YOUTH
The first match string (if any) that is a substring of the accept buffer is assigned to the special variable $MATCH. The buffer characters left of the first match are assigned to $LEFT, and the characters on the right are assigned to $RIGHT.
The match flag is set to 'yes' or 'no', depending on whether a match is made. Any statement that has a Y following the command letter is processed only if the match flag is set. Statements with N are processed only if the flag is not set.
- N
- Equivalent to TN: (type if last match unsuccessful)
- R
- The operand of R: is a comment, and therefore has no effect.
- T
- 'Type' operand as output. Examples:
R:Output a literal string T:Thank you for your support. R:Output a variable expression T:Thank you, $NAME.
- U
- Use (call) a subroutine. A subroutine starts with a label and ends with E: Example:
R:Call subroutine starting at label *INITIALIZE U:*INITIALIZE
- Y
- Equivalent to TY: (type if last match successful)
- Parentheses
- If there is parenthesized expression in a statement, it is a conditional expression, and the statement is processed only if the test has a value of 'true'. Example:
R:Type message if x>y+z T(#X>#Y+#Z):Condition met
Derivatives
Extensions to core PILOT include arrays and floating point numbers in Apple PILOT, and implementation of LOGO-inspired turtle graphics in Atari PILOT.[3]
Versions of PILOT overlaid on the BASIC interpreters of early microcomputers were not unknown in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and Byte Magazine at one point published a non-Turing complete derivative of PILOT known as Waduzitdo by Larry Kheriarty as a way of demonstrating what a computer was capable of.[4][5] A 1983 product called Vanilla PILOT for the Commodore 64 combined some features of LOGO,[6] as did Super Turtle PILOT which was published as a type-in listing in the October 1987 issue of COMPUTE! magazine.[7]
In 1991 the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) published a standard for Pilot as IEEE Std 1154-1991. It has since been withdrawn.[8]
In 1990 eSteem PILOT for Atari ST computers was developed and programmed by Tom Nielsen, EdD. Based on the IEEE Standards for PILOT and added GEM features, it included access and control of Laserdisc and CDROM devices. [9]
An open source implementation was called RPilot,[1] and another called Sky Pilot begun in 2005.[10]
References
- ^ a b Rob Linwood. "PILOT Resource Center". Sourceforge project. http://rpilot.sourceforge.net/pilot.html. Retrieved October 13, 2011.
- ^ Xiuzhi Zhou (1998). "Register of the John A. Starkweather Papers, 1965-1985". University of California, San Francisco library. http://oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=tf2d5nb1xg;style=oac4;doc.view=entire_text. Retrieved October 13, 2011.
- ^ Atari PILOT for beginners. Reston Publishing. 1983. http://books.google.com/books?id=VujzAAAAMAAJ.
- ^ Brian Connors (April 6, 2001). "Waduzitdo 2001". http://www.reocities.com/ResearchTriangle/Station/2266/tarpit/waduzitdo/wdzref.html. Retrieved October 13, 2011.
- ^ Larry Kheriarty (September 1978). "WADUZITDO: How To Write a Language in 256 Words or Less". Byte.
- ^ "Vanilla PILOT, PILOT that comes with turtle graphics". Infoworld: pp. 67–69. September 12, 1983. http://books.google.com/books?id=ry8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA67. Retrieved October 13, 2011.
- ^ Atarimagazines.com - COMPUTE! Issue 89, October 1987, p74
- ^ "IEEE Standard 1154-1991 for Programmed Inquiry, Learning, or Teaching (PILOT)". IEEE Standards Committee. 1991. doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.1991.108548. http://standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/std_public/description/busarch/1154-1991_desc.html.
- ^ "Press Release: eSteem PILOT". http://www.atariarchives.org/cfn/06/08/03/0046.php.
- ^ Rob Linwood (December 25, 2005). "Sky Pilot". Sourceforge project. http://skypilot.sourceforge.net/. Retrieved October 13, 2011.
Further reading
- John Starkweather (1985). User's guide to Pilot. Prentice-Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-937755-6.
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This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
Translations:
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Pilot
Dansk (Danish)
n. - lods, pilot, guide
adj. - forsøgs-
v. tr. - lodse, føre
idioms:
- pilot balloon pilotballon
- pilot episode forsøgsepisode
- pilot fish lodsfisk
- pilot light kontrollys
- pilot project pilotprojekt, skitseprojekt
- pilot scheme pilotprojekt
- pilot whale grindehval
Nederlands (Dutch)
piloot, loods, stuurman, gids, baanschuiver, geleider, waakvlam, proefuitzending, sturen, loodsen, proef- (uitzending/studie etc.)
Français (French)
n. - (Aviat, Aérosp) pilote, (Radio, TV) émission pilote, veilleuse, voyant lumineux, (Naut) pilote
adj. - (Comm, Ind) pilote, (Radio, TV) expérimental, pilote, (Aviat) des pilotes, de pilotage (erreur)
v. tr. - (Aviat) piloter, (fig) guider, mettre au banc d'essai
idioms:
- pilot balloon ballon-sonde
- pilot episode épisode pilote
- pilot fish poisson pilote
- pilot light veilleuse, voyant lumineux
- pilot project projet-pilote
- pilot scheme projet-pilote
- pilot whale baleine pilote
Deutsch (German)
n. - Pilot, Lotse
v. - fliegen, lotsen
adj. - Pilot..., Versuchs...
idioms:
- pilot balloon Pilotballon
- pilot episode Pilotfilm
- pilot fish Lotsenfisch
- pilot light Zündflamme, Kontrollampe
- pilot project Pilotprojekt
- pilot scheme Pilotprojekt
- pilot whale (zo.) Grindwal
Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - πλοηγός, πιλότος, χειριστής, (μτφ.) οδηγός, καθοδηγητής, (καθομ.) πειραματικό ή πρωτοποριακό εγχείρημα, δοκιμαστικό επεισόδιο τηλεοπτικής σειράς
v. - διευθύνω, κυβερνώ, πιλοτάρω, οδηγώ
idioms:
- pilot balloon μετεωρολογικό αερόστατο, ανεμοδείκτης αεροδρομίου
- pilot episode (επεισόδιο) πιλότος
- pilot fish (ιχθυολ.) ναυκράτης ο οδηγός (κν. πιλότος)
- pilot light φλόγα εναύσματος (συσκευής φωταερίου κ.λπ.)
- pilot project πιλοτικό πρόγραμμα, πειραματικό εγχείρημα
- pilot scheme πιλοτικό σχέδιο, πειραματικό εγχείρημα
- pilot whale μικρή φάλαινα
Italiano (Italian)
pilotare, guidare, spia, pilota
idioms:
- pilot episode scena pilota
- pilot fish pesce pilota
- pilot light lampada spia
- pilot scheme/project programma pilota
- pilot whale balena nana
Português (Portuguese)
n. - piloto (m), indicador (m), guia
v. - pilotar, dirigir, indicar
idioms:
- pilot episode episódio piloto
- pilot fish peixe piloto
- pilot light lâmpada piloto, piloto de gás
- pilot scheme/project projeto piloto
- pilot whale pescada-preta
Русский (Russian)
управлять, пилотировать, лоцман, пилот
idioms:
- pilot episode пробная серия телесериала
- pilot fish рыба-лоцман
- pilot light фара-искатель, буферный фонарь, запал
- pilot scheme/project пробный проект
- pilot whale черный дельфин
Español (Spanish)
n. - piloto, práctico, timonel
adj. - llama piloto, de piloto, de guía
v. tr. - pilotar, conducir, gobernar, guiar
idioms:
- pilot balloon globo sonda
- pilot episode episodio piloto
- pilot fish pez piloto, romero
- pilot light lámpara indicadora, llama piloto
- pilot project proyecto o experiencia piloto
- pilot scheme proyecto o experiencia piloto
- pilot whale delfín grande, negro y migratorio
Svenska (Swedish)
n. - pilot, flygare, lots, anförare
v. - lotsa, leda, föra, vara pilot
中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
飞行员, 航船者, 领航员, 引导的, 试验性的, 试点的, 导向的, 领航, 引导, 驾驶
idioms:
- pilot balloon 测风气球
- pilot episode 新节目的实验阶段
- pilot fish 鲭类海鱼
- pilot light 标灯, 守夜灯
- pilot project 小规模试验
- pilot scheme 小规模试验计划
- pilot whale 巨头鲸
中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 飛行員, 航船者, 領航員
adj. - 引導的, 試驗性的, 試點的, 導向的
v. tr. - 領航, 引導, 駕駛
idioms:
- pilot balloon 測風氣球
- pilot episode 新節目的實驗階段
- pilot fish 鯖類海魚
- pilot light 標燈, 守夜燈
- pilot project 小規模試驗
- pilot scheme 小規模試驗計劃
- pilot whale 巨頭鯨
한국어 (Korean)
n. - 수로 안내인, 조종사, 지침, 안내서
adj. - 지도(안내)의
v. tr. - 수로 안내를 하다, 조종하다
日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 操縦士, パイロット, 水先案内人, 指導者, 案内書, 案内棒, 排障器
v. - 水先案内をする, 操縦する, 先導する, 指導する
adj. - 指導の, 試験的な
idioms:
- pilot balloon 測風気球
- pilot episode 映画などのデモ版の公開
- pilot fish ブリモドキ
- pilot light 口火, 表示灯, パイロットランプ
- pilot scheme/project 試案
- pilot whale ゴンドウクジラ
العربيه (Arabic)
(الاسم) طيار, قائد الطائرة, مرشددليل, مرشد, استدلالي (فعل) يقود, يرشد, يسوق
עברית (Hebrew)
n. - טייס, נווט, נתב-ספינות, מנהיג
adj. - ניסויי, ניסיוני, של בדיקה
v. tr. - הטיס, שימש כטייס, ניווט, הנהיג, התחיל בפרויקט, הנחה
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