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plantigrade

 
Dictionary: plan·ti·grade   (plăn'tĭ-grād') pronunciation
adj.
Walking with the entire sole of the foot on the ground, as humans, bears, raccoons, and rabbits do.

n.
A plantigrade animal.

[French : Latin planta, sole of the foot + Latin -gradus, going (from gradī, to walk, go).]


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Veterinary Dictionary: plantigrade
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A method of locomotion seen in bears, monkeys and humans, in which the animal walks on the phalanges, metacarpal and carpal bones, as distinct from digitigrade.

  • p. stance — seen in dogs and cats with various neuropathies and myopathies, particularly in diabetic neuropathy and hypokalemic myopathy.
Wikipedia: Plantigrade
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Human skeleton, showing plantigrade habit

In mammals, plantigrade locomotion means walking with the podials and metatarsals flat on the ground. Primates are examples of plantigrade species; in humans, the podials and metatarsals constitute the sole of the foot. Other plantigrade species examples include (but are not limited to) raccoons, opossums, bears, kangaroo, weasels, mice, pandas, rats, hyraxes, skunks and hedgehogs.

The members of the extinct mammalian order Creodonta displayed plantigrade locomotion. This may have led to their extinction as they were supplanted by the more efficient Carnivora. It seems that at least some pterosaurs and lizards were plantigrade as well.

Plantigrade foot occurs normally in humans in static postures of standing and sitting. It should also occur normally in gait (walking). Hypertonicity, spasticity, clonus, limited range of motion, abnormal flexion neural pattern, and a plantarflexor (calf) muscle contracture may contribute to an individual only standing and/or walking on his toes. This would be evident by the observable heel rise.



Translations: Plantigrade
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Dansk (Danish)
adj. - sålegænger-
n. - sålegænger

Nederlands (Dutch)
zoolganger (dier), dier dat op de zolen loopt

Français (French)
adj. - plantigrade
n. - plantigrade

Deutsch (German)
adj. - auf den Fußsohlen gehend
n. - Sohlengänger

Ελληνική (Greek)
adj. - (ζωολ.) πελματοβάμων
n. - πελματοβάμων ζώο

Italiano (Italian)
plantigrado

Português (Portuguese)
adj. - plantígrado
n. - plantígrado

Русский (Russian)
стопоходящий

Español (Spanish)
adj. - plantígrado
n. - plantígrado

Svenska (Swedish)
adj. - hälgångar-
n. - hälgångare (zool.)

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
踯行的, 踯行类的, 踯行动物

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
adj. - 躑行的, 躑行類的
n. - 躑行動物

한국어 (Korean)
adj. - 발바닥 정체를 땅에 대고 걷는
n. - 척행 동물(곰 등)

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 蹠行動物
adj. - 蹠行性の

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(صفه) أخمصي السير (الاسم) حيوان أخمصي السير‏

עברית (Hebrew)
adj. - ‮הולך על כפות-רגלים‬
n. - ‮יצור ההולך על כפות-רגלים, למשל אדם או דוב‬


 
 

 

Copyrights:

Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Veterinary Dictionary. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Plantigrade" Read more
Translations. Copyright © 2007, WizCom Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved.  Read more