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Policosanol

 
Drug Info: Policosanol

Brand names: Policosanol Advantage™, Cholesanol™, Lesstanol™



Policosanol Tablets

What are Policosanol Tablets?

POLICOSANOL is a dietary supplement. Policosanol is claimed to reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood. The product may benefit people with high cholesterol, those with a history of stroke or transient inschemic attack, or people with intermittent claudication (pain in the legs with walking). Policosanol is not officially endorsed by the FDA for any purpose. Some products also contain coenzyme Q10.

What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?

It is important for you to tell your prescriber or health care professional or other health care professional that you are using policosanol.

You should discuss policosanol with your health care professional BEFORE taking it if you have any of these conditions:
• an unusual reaction to policosanol, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
• pregnant or trying to get pregnant
• breast-feeding

How should this medicine be used?

Policosanol tablets or capsules should be taken orally (i.e., swallowed) with a full glass of water. Follow the directions on the package label, or ask your health care professional for directions. Take the total daily dose or one of the daily doses before bedtime.

Contact your pediatrician or health care professional regarding the use of this supplement in children. Special care may be needed.

What if I miss a dose?

Missing a dose is probably not harmful. If you miss a dose, simply resume taking it on your previous schedule. Do not take double doses or extra doses to catch up, however.

What drug(s) may interact with Policosanol?

• aspirin
dipyridamole
• medicines to lower blood pressure (examples: water pills or diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors)
warfarin

Tell your prescriber or health care professional about all other medicines you are taking, including non-prescription medicines, nutritional supplements, or herbal products. Also tell your prescriber or health care professional if you are a frequent user of drinks with caffeine or alcohol, if you smoke, or if you use illegal drugs. These may affect the way your medicine works. Check with your health care professional before stopping or starting any of your medicines.

What should I watch for while taking Policosanol?

If you notice any changes in your physical health while taking policosanol, you should contact your health care provider.

Different brands of policosanol might contain different amounts of active ingredient so be careful to use the same brand. It is recommended that you use a brand from a reliable manufacturer. Products also vary in the other included ingredients, which may affect the efficacy or expected side effects of the product. Your health care professional or pharmacist can assist you in finding a product.

What side effects may I notice from receiving Policosanol?

If you notice any side effects from policosanol, tell your prescriber or health care professional as soon as possible. Other ingredients are included in some policosanol products. Check the product label for other ingredients, as they may be the cause of any side effect.

Side effects that you should report to your prescriber or health care professional as soon as possible:
• anxiety
• diarrhea (severe or duration longer than 2 days)
• dizziness
• increased urination
• nausea/vomiting (severe or duration longer than 2 days)
• rash
• weight loss

Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your prescriber or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
• difficulty sleeping
• headache
• heartburn
• joint pain
• tiredness

Where can I keep my medicine?

Keep out of the reach of children in a container that small children cannot open.

Store at room temperature between 8 and 25 degrees C (46 and 77 degrees F); do not freeze. Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date.

GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS:
Dietary supplements include amino acids, vitamins, minerals, herbs, and other plant-derived substances, and extracts of these substances. Products are easy to identify as they must state 'Dietary Supplement' on the label. A 'Supplement Facts' panel is provided on the label for most products. Supplements are not drugs and are not regulated like pharmaceuticals. You should note that rigid quality control standards are not required for dietary supplements. Differences in the potency and purity of these products can occur. Scientific data to support the use of a dietary supplement for a certain condition may not be available. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

The Food and Drug Administration suggests the following to help consumers protect themselves:
• Always read product labels and follow directions.
• Look for products containing ingredients with the 'USP' notation. This indicates the manufacturer followed the standards of the US Pharmacopoeia.
• 'Natural' doesn't mean a product is safe for humans to consume.
• Supplements produced or distributed by a nationally known food or drug company are more likely to be made under tight controls as these companies have standards in place for their other products. You can write to the company or manufacturer for more information about the conditions under which the products are made.

Last updated: 5/5/2003 11:14:00 AM

Important Disclaimer: The drug information provided here is for educational purposes only. It is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the diagnosis, treatment and advice of a medical professional. This drug information does not cover all possible uses, precautions, side effects and interactions. It should not be construed to indicate that this or any drug is safe for you. Consult your medical professional for guidance before using any prescription or over the counter drugs.

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Wikipedia: Policosanol
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Policosanol
Systematic (IUPAC) name
Octacosanol, triacontanol, etc.
Identifiers
CAS number 142583-61-1
ATC code C10AX08
PubChem  ?
Chemical data
Formula CH3-(CH2)n-CH2OH n=24-34
Mol. mass (variable)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability  ?
Metabolism  ?
Half life  ?
Excretion  ?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.

?

Legal status
Routes  ?

Policosanol (or polycosanol) is the generic term for a natural extract of plant waxes. It is used as a nutritional supplement intended to lower LDL cholesterol ("bad" cholesterol) and increase HDL cholesterol ("good" or "healthy" cholesterol) and to help prevent atherosclerosis, though some studies have raised questions about the effectiveness of policosanol.

Contents

Physical properties

Policosanol is a mixture of a few fatty alcohols derived from the waxes of such plants as sugar cane[1] and yams, as well as beeswax. The most prevalent alcohol in policosanol is octacosanol,[2] followed by triacontanol.

There is a much lower concentration of several other fatty alcohols: behenyl alcohol, lignoceryl alcohol, ceryl alcohol, 1-heptacosanol, 1-nonacosanol, 1-dotriacontanol, and geddyl alcohol.

Modulation of HMG-CoA reductase[3] and bile acid absorption inhibition[4] have been proposed as mechanisms.

Studies

Published studies have come to conflicting conclusions regarding the efficacy of policosanol in lowering LDL (i.e., "bad cholesterol") or raising HDL (i.e., "good cholesterol").[5][6][7] Despite a number of studies funded by the Cuban government, which produces and markets the drug,[8] no independent clinical trials have found any evidence of the efficacy of policosanol.[5]

Production

Policosanol is produced, promoted and studied extensively in Cuba, where pharmaceutical research and sugar cane farms both exist in abundance. The supplement is considered a panacea by some Cubans.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ Marinangeli CP, Kassis AN, Jain D, Ebine N, Cunnane SC, Jones PJ (2007). "Comparison of composition and absorption of sugarcane policosanols" (abstract). Br. J. Nutr. 97 (2): 381–8. doi:10.1017/S0007114507336763. PMID 17298709. http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0007114507336763. 
  2. ^ Ohta Y, Ohashi K, Matsura T, Tokunaga K, Kitagawa A, Yamada K (2008). "Octacosanol attenuates disrupted hepatic reactive oxygen species metabolism associated with acute liver injury progression in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride". J Clin Biochem Nutr 42 (2): 118–25. doi:10.3164/jcbn.2008017. PMID 18385828. 
  3. ^ Singh DK, Li L, Porter TD (2006). "Policosanol inhibits cholesterol synthesis in hepatoma cells by activation of AMP-kinase". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 318 (3): 1020–6. doi:10.1124/jpet.106.107144. PMID 16714400. http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16714400. 
  4. ^ Ng CH, Leung KY, Huang Y, Chen ZY (2005). "Policosanol has no antioxidant activity in human low-density lipoprotein but increases excretion of bile acids in hamsters". J. Agric. Food Chem. 53 (16): 6289–93. doi:10.1021/jf051269a. PMID 16076108. 
  5. ^ a b Heiner K. Berthold, MD, PhD; Susanne Unverdorben, MD; Ralf Degenhardt, PhD; Michael Bulitta, Dipl-Stat; Ioanna Gouni-Berthold, MD (May 17, 2006). "Effect of Policosanol on Lipid Levels Among Patients With Hypercholesterolemia or Combined Hyperlipidemia" (abstract). Journal of the American Medical Association 295 (19): 2262–2269. doi:10.1001/jama.295.19.2262. PMID 16705107. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/295/19/2262. Retrieved 2006-10-03. 
  6. ^ Pons P, Rodriguez M, Robaina C, Illnait J, Mas R, Fernandez L, Fernandez JC. (1994). "Effects of successive dose increases of policosanol on the lipid profile of patients with type II hypercholesterolaemia and tolerability to treatment". International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research 14 (1): 27–33. PMID 7927958. 
  7. ^ Chen JT, Wesley R, Shamburek RD, Pucino F, Csako G (2005). "Meta-analysis of natural therapies for hyperlipidemia: plant sterols and stanols versus policosanol" (abstract). Pharmacotherapy 25 (2): 171–83. doi:10.1592/phco.25.2.171.56942. PMID 15767233. http://www.extenza-eps.com/doi/abs/10.1592/phco.25.2.171.56942. 
  8. ^ Thorsteinsdóttir, Halla (2004). "Cuba—innovation through synergy". Nature Biotechnology 22: DC19–DC24. doi:10.1038/nbt1204supp-DC19. http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v22/n12s/fig_tab/nbt1204supp-DC19_T1.html. 

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Drug Info. Gold Standard. Copyright © 2008 by Gold Standard. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Policosanol" Read more