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(Fr.)

A stately Polish processional dance or an instrumental piece. The dance, accompanied by singing, has long been used at weddings and public ceremonies. The melodies are in triple metre and have a simple structure, consisting of short phrases usually without upbeat. As a court dance, accompanied by instruments rather than by singing, it became the most highbred expression of the Polish national spirit and the most representative of Polish dances throughout Europe.

The 18th century saw the stylization of the polonaise. Those of Bach (French Suite no.1, Orchestral Suite no.2) show the characteristic features of triple metre, phrases without upbeat and a closing rhythm which throws the accent on to the second beat. German composers propagated the dance as a musical form and many polonaises were written by Telemann, J. G. Goldberg, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Weber and others. Chopin's famous examples established ex.1as the typical polonaise rhythm. Among other notable piano polonaises are those of Schumann and Liszt, and the form was used by several Russian composers, including Musorgsky (Boris Godunov), Tchaikovsky (Sleeping Beauty, Eugene Onegin) and Glinka.

Ex.1

Polish national dance executed in 3/4 time. A solemn and processional dance, it was performed when August the Strong was crowned king of Poland in 1697.

A stately Polish dance in moderate triple time, often with a repeated rhythmic pattern.

• Types of Music and Composition - polonaise: music for stately Polish dance in triple time
• Dances of the World - polonaise: stately promenade or march in slow triple time (Poland, 19th c.)

For other uses, see Polonaise (disambiguation).

Typical rhythm of a Polonaise

Polonaise rhythm^[1]

The polonaise (Polish: polonez) is a slow dance of Polish origin, in 3/4 time. Its name is French for "Polish."

The polonaise had a rhythm quite close to that of the Swedish semiquaver or sixteenth-note polska, and the two dances have a common origin.

Polonaise is a widespread dance in carnival parties. Polonaise is always a first dance at a studniówka ("hundred-days"), the Polish equivalent of the senior prom that occurs approximately 100 days before exams.

• 

  Poles dance Polonez (painting by Kornelli Szlegel)

• 

  Chopin's Polonaise - a Ball in Hôtel Lambert in Paris.

Contents 1 Influence of Polonaise in music 2 National dance 3 See also 4 References

Influence of Polonaise in music

The notation alla polacca (Italian: polacca means "polonaise") on a musical score indicates that the piece should be played with the rhythm and character of a polonaise (e.g., the rondo in Beethoven's Triple Concerto op. 56 and the finale of Chopin's Variations on "Là ci darem la mano" have this

Frédéric Chopin's polonaises are generally the best known of all polonaises in classical music. Other classical composers who wrote polonaises or pieces in polonaise rhythm include Johann Sebastian Bach, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Michał Kleofas Ogiński, Franz Schubert, Vincenzo Bellini, Carl Maria von Weber, Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Moritz Moszkowski, Friedrich Baumfelder, Mauro Giuliani, Modest Mussorgsky, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Alexander Scriabin.

John Philip Sousa, who wrote the Presidential Polonaise, intended to keep visitors moving briskly through the White House receiving line. Sousa wrote it in 1886 at the request of President Chester A. Arthur who died before it was performed.^[2]

National dance

Polonaise is a Polish folk dance and is one of the five national dances of Poland.^[3] The others are the Mazurka (Mazur), Kujawiak, Krakowiak and Oberek.^[4]

See also

• Waltz
• Mazurka
• Varsovienne
• Redowa

References

1. ^ Blatter, Alfred (2007). Revisiting music theory: a guide to the practice, p.28. ISBN 0-415-97440-2.
2. ^ Sousa: Marching Along, p.85 Integrity Press, 1994
3. ^ Polish Folk Music and Chopin's Muzurkas
4. ^ OBEREK (OBERTAS)

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Dansk (Danish)
n. - polonaise
adj. - med rødbede og sur fløde

Nederlands (Dutch)
polonaise

Français (French)
n. - (Mus, Danse) polonaise
adj. - de polonaise

Deutsch (German)
n. - Polonaise
adj. - Polonaise...

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - είδος φορέματος παλαιάς εποχής, πολωνέζ, (μουσ.) πολωνέζα

Italiano (Italian)
polacca

Português (Portuguese)
n. - polonaise (m) (Mús.)

Русский (Russian)
полонез

Español (Spanish)
n. - polonesa
adj. - relativo a las polonesas

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - polonäs (dans. o mus.), överklänning m draperat skört

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
波兰舞, 一种女装, 其舞曲, 波兰舞的

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 波蘭舞, 一種女裝, 其舞曲
adj. - 波蘭舞的

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 폴로네즈, 여성복의 일종(스커트 앞이 갈라져 있음)
adj. - 접시에 계란 노른자와 빵가루와 파슬리로 장식 한

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - ポロネーズ

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) رقصه البولونيز : رقصه بولنديه الأصل, الموسيقى المصاحبه للرقصه‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮פולונז (ריקוד ממוצא פולני), לחן לפולונז‬
adj. - ‮מבושל בסגנון פולני‬

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