Porphyrio

Porphyrio
A Purple Swamphen from New Zealand (pūkeko, Porphyrio porphyrio melanotus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Gruiformes
Family:	Rallidae
Genus:	Porphyrio Brisson, 1760
Species
Porphyrio porphyrio Porphyrio hochstetteri Porphyrio alleni Porphyrio martinica Porphyrio flavirostris For extinct species, see article text.
Synonyms
Notornis Porphyrula

For the Latin grammarian sometimes known as Porphyrio, see Pomponius Porphyrion.

Porphyrio is the swamphen genus of birds in the rail family. It includes some smaller species which are usually called "purple gallinules", and which are sometimes separated as genus Porphyrula or united with the gallinules proper (or "moorhens") in Gallinula. There are two living species of swamphen, the majority of the group having become extinct in the Holocene. As opposed to the Old World and especially Australasian swamphens, the four Porphyrio gallinules are distributed in the warmer regions of Africa and the Americas, barely reaching into Asia and Europe.

Living species

• Purple Swamphen formerly known as Purple Gallinule, Porphyrio porphyrio
  • African Swamphen formerly known as African Purple Gallinule, Porphyrio (p.) madagascariensis
  • Grey-headed Swamphen, Porphyrio (p.) poliocephalus
• Takahē or South Island Takahē, Porphyrio hochstetteri

Recent taxonomy changes in Porphyrula or Gallinula:

• Allen's Gallinule also known as Lesser Gallinule, Porphyrio alleni (formerly Porphyrula alleni)
• American Purple Gallinule, Porphyrio martinica (formerly Porphyrula martinica)
• Azure Gallinule, Porphyrio flavirostris

Extinct species

• Lord Howe Swamphen, Porphyrio albus (early 19th century)
• Réunion Swamphen or Oiseau bleu, Porphyrio coerulescens (18th century, hypothetical species)
• Marquesas Swamphen, Porphyrio paepae (prehistoric or c.1900)
• North Island Takahē or mōho, Porphyrio mantelli (prehistoric or 1890s)
• New Caledonian Swamphen, Porphyrio kukwiedei (prehistoric or more recent)
• Huahine Swamphen, Porphyrio mcnabi (prehistoric)
• Buka Swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (prehistoric)
• Giant Swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (prehistoric)
• New Ireland Swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (prehistoric)
• Norfolk Island Swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (prehistoric)
• Rota Swamphen, Porphyrio sp. (prehistoric)
• Mangaia Swamphen/Woodhen, ?Porphyrio sp. (prehistoric) - would belong into Porphyrula, Gallinula or Pareudiastes

References

• Taylor, P. Barry & van Perlo, Ber (1998): Rails : a guide to the rails, crakes, gallinules, and coots of the world. Yale University Press, New Haven. ISBN 0-300-07758-0

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