Depends on the community and the era. In many communities, the title doesn't change. Among Hassidim, the highest Rabbis are called Rebbe; among Sephardim the title Chacham is used; and among the Litvish (yeshiva community), the title of Posek (codifier of Jewish law) or Harav Hagaon (expert Rabbi).
The above are some common examples.
It is worth noting in Judaism, however, that having an elevated Rabbinical title does not grant the Rabbi more power over communities and other Rabbis, as opposed to how having a more elevated title does grant more power in Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity, and Shiite Islam. More people may follow the opinion of a Posek or a Gaon because they trust the judgment of that person, but not because he can compel the following of his opinion through "regular" Rabbis.