power

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For more information on power, visit Britannica.com.

The time rate of doing work. Like work, power is a scalar quantity, that is, a quantity which has magnitude but no direction. Some units often used for the measurement of power are the watt (1 joule of work per second) and the horsepower (550 foot-pounds of work per second). See also Work.

Power is a concept which can be used to describe the operation of any system or device in which a flow of energy occurs. In many problems of apparatus design, the power, rather than the total work to be done, determines the size of the component used. Any device can do a large amount of work by performing for a long time at a low rate of power, that is, by doing work slowly. However, if a large amount of work must be done rapidly, a high-power device is needed. High-power machines are usually larger, more complicated, and more expensive than equipment which need operate only at low power. A motor which must lift a certain weight will have to be larger and more powerful if it lifts the weight rapidly than if it raises it slowly. An electrical resistor must be large in size if it is to convert electrical energy into heat at a high rate without being damaged.

noun

1. Capacity or power for work or vigorous activity: animation, energy, force, might, potency, puissance, sprightliness, steam, strength. Informal get-up-and-go, go, pep, peppiness, zip. See action/inaction.
2. The state or quality of being physically strong: brawn, might, muscle, potence, potency, powerfulness, puissance, sinew, strength, thew (often used in plural). See strong/weak.
3. The right and power to command, decide, rule, or judge: authority, command, control, domination, dominion, jurisdiction, mastery, might, prerogative, sovereignty, sway. Informal say-so. See over/under.
4. Effective means of influencing, compelling, or punishing: force, weight. Informal clout, muscle. See over/under, strong/weak.
5. The capacity to exert an influence: force, forcefulness, magnetism. See strong/weak.
6. A great deal: abundance, mass, mountain, much, plenty, profusion, wealth, world. Informal barrel, heap, lot, pack, peck², pile. Regional sight. See big/small/amount.

Definition: ability (mental), competence
Antonyms: inability, incapacity, incompetence, weakness

n

Definition: control, dominance
Antonyms: inefficiency, subservience, surrender, weakness, yielding

n

Definition: physical ability, capacity
Antonyms: debility, disability, impairment, impotence, infirmity, weakness

The rate at which work is performed, energy is transformed or transferred, or energy is consumed; usually expressed in watts or horsepower.

(metaphysical). A capacity or ability to bring about an effect or undergo a modification. Water has the power to dissolve salt; salt has the capacity to dissolve in water. The metaphysical problem lies in relating powers to other (‘categorical’) properties, the properties which are intrinsic to a substance and which do not require it being put in relation to other objects in order to be manifested. Powers seem to depend on more than intrinsic structure, but also on the laws of nature or other natural features of the universe surrounding the bearer of the powers. All claims about powers and their grounds are controversial. See also finkish.

1. Technically defined as the rate at which energy is expended or work is done, power is measured in watts (W) of work per unit time (power = work done/time taken). The amount of power generated by a person, therefore, depends on two important components: speed and strength. Power is the key component for most athletic activities. A powerful athlete has to be able to transform physical energy into force at a fast rate. This ability depends on the amount of ATP produced per unit time. Sprinting, jumping, and throwing events are activities requiring great power and very high rates of ATP production. Compare capacity.

2. The ability of a person or group to control the behaviour of others even when actively opposed.

3. The capacity to intervene in a given set of circumstances to alter them in some way.

In physics, the amount of energy put out or produced in a given amount of time. Power is often measured in watts or kilowatts.

In mathematics, a power is a number multiplied by itself the number of times signified by an exponent placed to the right and above it. Thus, 3², which means 3 × 3, is a power — the second power of three, or three squared, or nine. The expression 10⁶, or ten to the sixth power, means 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10, or one million.

1. symbol: P; a measure of the rate of doing work, expressed as energy divided by time. The derived SI unit of power is the watt.
2. (in optics) a measure of the ability of a lens or mirror to magnify, expressed as the reciprocal of the focal length of the lens or mirror in metres.
3. (in mathematics)
   (a) an alternative name for exponent or index; e.g. 2 to the power 3 = 2³).
   
   (b) one more than the cardinal number of times that a number or expression has to be multiplied by itself to give a required number; e.g. 2 to the power 3 = 2 × 2 × 2.
   
   (c) one more than the ordinal number of times that a particular number has to be multipled by itself to give a required number; e.g. the third power of 2 is 8 = 2 × 2 × 2.
   

• Principles of Mechanics, Waves, and Measurement - power: work done per unit of time
• Quantities, Relationships, and Operations - power: product resulting from repeated multiplication of a number by itself, square being second power, cube third
• Electricity and Electronics - power: time rate of electric energy in device or circuit, measured in watts

For other types of power, see Power (disambiguation).

In physics, power is the rate at which energy is transferred, used, or transformed. For example, the rate at which a light bulb transforms electrical energy into heat and light is measured in watts—the more wattage, the more power, or equivalently the more electrical energy is used per unit time.^[1][2]

Energy transfer can be used to do work, so power is also the rate at which this work is performed. The output power of an electric motor is the product of the torque the motor generates and the angular velocity of its output shaft. The power expended to move a vehicle is the product of the traction force of the wheels and the velocity of the vehicle.

The integral of power over time defines the work done. Because this integral depends on the trajectory of the point of application of the force and torque, this calculation of work is said to be "path dependent."

Ansel Adams photograph of Electrical Wires of the Boulder Dam Power Units, 1941-1942.

Contents 1 Units 2 Average power 3 Mechanical power 3.1 Mechanical advantage 4 Power in optics 5 Electrical power 6 Peak power and duty cycle 7 See also 8 References

Units

The dimension of power is energy divided by time. The SI unit of power is the watt (W), which is equal to one joule per second. Other units of power include ergs per second (erg/s), horsepower (hp), metric horsepower (Pferdestärke (PS) or cheval vapeur, CV), and foot-pounds per minute. One horsepower is equivalent to 33,000 foot-pounds per minute, or the power required to lift 550 pounds by one foot in one second, and is equivalent to about 746 watts. Other units include dBm, a relative logarithmic measure with 1 milliwatt as reference; (food) calories per hour (often referred to as kilocalories per hour); Btu per hour (Btu/h); and tons of refrigeration (12,000 Btu/h).

Average power

As a simple example, burning a kilogram of coal releases much more energy than does detonating a kilogram of TNT,^[3] but because the TNT reaction releases energy much more quickly, it delivers far more power than the coal. If ΔW is the amount of work performed during a period of time of duration Δt, the average power P_avg over that period is given by the formula

It is the average amount of work done or energy converted per unit of time. The average power is often simply called "power" when the context makes it clear.

The instantaneous power is then the limiting value of the average power as the time interval Δt approaches zero.

In the case of constant power P, the amount of work performed during a period of duration T is given by:

In the context of energy conversion it is more customary to use the symbol E rather than W.

Mechanical power

Power in mechanical systems is the combination of forces and movement. In particular, power is the product of a force on an object and the object's velocity, or the product of a torque on a shaft and the shaft's angular velocity.

Mechanical power is also described as the time derivative of work. In mechanics, the work done by a force F on an object that travels along a curve C is given by the line integral:

where x defines the path C and v is the velocity along this path. The time derivative of the equation for work yields the instantaneous power,

In rotational systems, power is the product of the torque τ and angular velocity ω,

where ω measured in radians per second.

In fluid power systems such as hydraulic actuators, power is given by

where p is pressure in pascals, or N/m² and Q is volumetric flow rate in m³/s in SI units.

Mechanical advantage

If a mechanical system has no losses then the input power must equal the output power. This provides a simple formula for the mechanical advantage of the system.

Let the input power to a device be a force F_A acting on a point that moves with velocity v_A and the output power be a force F_B acts on a point that moves with velocity v_B. If there are no losses in the system, then

and the mechanical advantage of the system is given by

A similar relationship is obtained for rotating systems, where T_A and ω_A are the torque and angular velocity of the input and T_B and ω_B are the torque and angular velocity of the output. If there are no losses in the system, then

which yields the mechanical advantage

These relations are important because they define the maximum performance of a device in terms of velocity ratios determined by its physical dimensions. See for example gear ratios.

Power in optics

Main article: Optical power

In optics, or radiometry, the term power sometimes refers to radiant flux, the average rate of energy transport by electromagnetic radiation, measured in watts. The term "power" is also, however, used to express the ability of a lens or other optical device to focus light. It is measured in dioptres (inverse metres), and equals the inverse of the focal length of the optical device.

Electrical power

Main article: Electric power

The instantaneous electrical power P delivered to a component is given by

where

P(t) is the instantaneous power, measured in watts (joules per second)

V(t) is the potential difference (or voltage drop) across the component, measured in volts

I(t) is the current through it, measured in amperes

If the component is a resistor with time-invariant voltage to current ratio, then:

where

is the resistance, measured in ohms.

Peak power and duty cycle

In a train of identical pulses, the instantaneous power is a periodic function of time. The ratio of the pulse duration to the period is equal to the ratio of the average power to the peak power. It is also called the duty cycle (see text for definitions).

In the case of a periodic signal of period , like a train of identical pulses, the instantaneous power is also a periodic function of period . The peak power is simply defined by:

.

The peak power is not always readily measurable, however, and the measurement of the average power is more commonly performed by an instrument. If one defines the energy per pulse as:

then the average power is:

.

One may define the pulse length such that so that the ratios

are equal. These ratios are called the duty cycle of the pulse train.

See also

• Simple machines
• Mechanical advantage
• Motive power
• Orders of magnitude (power)
• Pulsed power
• Intensity — in the radiative sense, power per area
• Power gain — for linear, two-port networks.

References

1. ^ Chapter 6 § 7 Power Halliday and Resnick, Fundamentals of Physics 1974.
2. ^ Chapter 13, § 3, pp 13-2,3 The Feynman Lectures on Physics Volume I, 1963
3. ^ Burning coal produces around 15-30 megajoules per kilogram, while burning TNT produces about 4.7 megajoules per kilogram. For the coal value, see Fisher, Juliya (2003). "Energy Density of Coal". The Physics Factbook. http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/JuliyaFisher.shtml. Retrieved 30 May 2011.  For the TNT value, see the article TNT equivalent.

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Common misspelling(s) of power

• pwoer

Dansk (Danish)
n. - magt, bemyndigelse, evne, kraft, strøm
v. tr. - forsyne med drivkraft, mase på
adj. - strøm-, magt-

idioms:

• be in power    være ved magten
• power base    magtgrundlag
• power behind the throne    den skjulte magt
• power bloc    magtblok
• power block    magtblok
• power breakfast    morgenmøde blandt betydningsfulde personer i politik og erhvervsliv
• power cut    strømafbrydelse
• power down    slukke for strømmen
• power failure    strømsvigt
• power game    magtspil
• power line    stærkstrømsledning
• power of attorney    fuldmagt
• power plant    kraftaggregat, kraftanlæg
• power play    magtspil
• power point    stikkontakt
• power politics    magtpolitik
• power station    el-værk
• power steering    servostyring
• power supply    strømforsyning
• power train    motor og transmission
• power up    tænde for
• sphere of power    magtområde
• state power    statsmagt
• superior power    overordnet magt
• supreme power    øverste magt
• take power    tage magten
• the powers that be    myndighederne
• thermal power station    varmekraftværk
• to the power of    til (nogens) magt

Nederlands (Dutch)
kracht, macht, vermogen, bevoegdheid, aandrijving, autoriteit, effectiviteit, elektriciteit, vergroting (optica), exponent, vermogen (mechanica), kracht geven

Français (French)
n. - (gén, Pol) pouvoir, puissance, influence, pouvoir, attributions, force, violence, (Phys, Tech, gén) énergie électrique, courant, (Mécan) puissance, (Sci) puissance, (Math) puissance, puissance (pays)
v. tr. - faire marcher (moteur), propulser (bateau, avion)
adj. - électrique, fonctionnant à l'électricité

idioms:

• in power    (être/accéder) au pouvoir
• in the power of    (être) en son pouvoir de
• power base    base politique
• power behind the throne    (être) l'éminence grise, tirer les ficelles
• power bloc    bloc de puissance
• power block    bloc de nations
• power breakfast    petit-déjeuner d'affaire
• power cut    coupure de courant
• power down    éteindre, arrêter le courant
• power failure    arrêt/panne de courant
• power game    rapport de force
• power line    ligne à haute tension
• power of attorney    procuration
• power plant    centrale électrique
• power play    (US, fig) coup de force
• power point    prise de courant
• power politics    politique de la force armée, politique d'intimidation
• power station    (US) centrale électrique
• power steering    direction assistée
• power supply    alimentation (électrique)
• power train    train d'atterrissage
• power up    allumer, mettre le courant
• sphere of power    sphère d'influence
• state power    puissance étatique
• superior power    puissance supérieure
• supreme power    puissance suprême
• take power    prendre le pouvoir
• the powers that be    les autorités
• thermal power station    centrale thermique
• to the power of    (Math) puissance, à la puissance

Deutsch (German)
n. - Kraft, Wucht, Macht, Vermögen, Autorität, Machtfaktor, Potenz, Herrschaft, Energie, Strom, Befugnis
v. - antreiben, betreiben
adj. - Macht-, mächtig

idioms:

• in power    an der Macht sein
• in the power of    in der Macht von
• power base    Stütze, Anhängerschaft
• power behind the throne    graue Eminenz
• power bloc    Machtblock
• power block    Staatengruppe, die eine internat. polit. Kraft darstellt
• power breakfast    Geschäftsfrühstück
• power cut    Stromsperre, Stromausfall
• power down    ausmachen
• power failure    Stromausfall
• power game    Machtspiel
• power line    Starkstromleitung
• power of attorney    Vollmacht
• power plant    Kraftwerk
• power play    konzentrierter Einsatz von Spielern, Ressourcen o.ä.
• power point    Steckdose
• power politics    Machtpolitik
• power station    Elektrizitätswerk, Kraftwerk
• power steering    Servolenkung
• power supply    Energieversorgung
• power train    Getriebe, Kraftübertragungsweg
• power up    anmachen
• sphere of power    Machtbereich
• state power    staatliche Gewalt
• superior power    Übermacht
• supreme power    Oberherrschaft
• take power    die Macht übernehmen
• the powers that be    Regierung
• thermal power station    Wärmekraftwerk
• to the power of    (Math.) hoch

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - ισχύς, δύναμη, δυναμικό, ικανότητα, εξουσία, αρχή, ιδιοφυϊα, ταλέντο, (φυσ.) (ηλεκτρική ή κινητήρια) ενέργεια, δύναμη, εξουσία, επιρροή, (μαθημ.) δύναμη (αριθμού)
v. - κινώ (με μηχανική ενέργεια), παρέχω ενέργεια σε, εφοδιάζω με κινητήρα ή κινητήρια δύναμη
adj. - μηχανικός, υψηλής ισχύος

idioms:

• be in power    είμαι στην εξουσία
• power base    βάση ισχύος
• power behind the throne    ο (κρυφός αλλά) ουσιαστικός φορέας εξουσίας
• power bloc    συνασπισμός δυνάμεων
• power block    συνασπισμός δυνάμεων
• power breakfast    βαρυσήμαντο πρόγευμα εργασίας
• power cut    προσωρινή διακοπή ρεύματος
• power down    σβήνω (υπολογιστή)
• power failure    προσωρινή διακοπή ρεύματος
• power game    παιχνίδι εξουσίας
• power line    ηλεκτροφόρο καλώδιο, γραμμή μεταφοράς
• power of attorney    (νομ.) πληρεξούσιο
• power plant    εργοστάσιο παραγωγής ηλεκτρικής ενεργείας
• power play    στρατήγημα
• power point    (Βρετ.) ρευματοδότης, πρίζα
• power politics    δυναμική πολιτική
• power station    ηλεκτροπαραγωγικός σταθμός
• power steering    μηχανοκίνητη οδήγηση
• power supply    (Η/Υ) παροχή ισχύος, κν. τροφοδοτικό
• power train    μηχανισμός μετάδοσης κίνησης στον άξονα αυτοκινήτου
• power up    ανάβω (υπολογιστή)
• sphere of power    σφαίρα επιρροής
• state power    κρατική εξουσία
• superior power    ανώτερη δύναμη
• supreme power    υπέρτατη δύναμη
• take power    παίρνω την εξουσία
• the powers that be    οι κρατούντες, η ιθύνουσα τάξη
• thermal power station    σταθμός θερμικής ενέργειας
• to the power of    (μαθ.) στην ... δύναμη

Italiano (Italian)
vigore, capacità, potere, corrente, prestazione, padronanza, autorità, trazione, motorizzare, alimentare

idioms:

• be in power    essere al potere
• power base    base di potere
• power behind the throne    eminenza grigia
• power block    blocco di potenze
• power breakfast    ricca colazione
• power cut    interruzione di corrente
• power failure    arresto di corrente
• power game    gioco di potere
• power line    linea ad alta tensione
• power of attorney    procura
• power plant    impianto di energia
• power play    offensiva
• power point    presa di corrente
• power politics    politica di potere
• power station    centrale elettrica
• power steering    servosterzo
• power train    trasmissione
• sphere of power    sfera d'influenza
• state power    potere
• superior power    potere superiore
• supreme power    autorità suprema
• take power    assumere il potere
• the powers that be    le autorità in carica
• thermal power station    centrale termoelettrica
• to the power of    alla potenza
• world power    potenza mondiale

Português (Portuguese)
n. - poder (m), força (f)
v. - ligar, carregar
adj. - elétrico, de potência

idioms:

• be in power    estar no poder
• power base    alicerce do poder
• power behind the throne    o poder por trás do trono
• power block    bloqueio político
• power breakfast    café da manhã reforçado
• power cut    corte de energia
• power failure    queda de energia
• power game    jogo de poder
• power line    linha de transmissão
• power of attorney    procuração
• power plant    usina de energia elétrica
• power play    jogo de poder
• power point    tomada elétrica
• power politics    política de força
• power station    usina de energia elétrica
• power steering    direção hidráulica
• power train    trem elétrico
• sphere of power    esfera de poder
• state power    poder do estadual
• superior power    poder superior
• supreme power    poder supremo
• take power    tomar o poder
• the powers that be    os poderes constituídos
• thermal power station    usina termoelétrica
• to the power of    o poder de
• world power    poder mundial

Русский (Russian)
сила, мощность, власть, степень, полномочие, производительность, приводить в действие, служить приводным двигателем

idioms:

• be in power    находиться у власти
• power base    политическая основа
• power behind the throne    серый кардинал
• power block    правящего блока
• power breakfast    встреча над завтраком правящего блока
• power cut    перерыв в подаче электроэнергии
• power failure    перерыв в подаче электроэнергии
• power game    кто кого
• power line    линия электропередач
• power of attorney    доверенность
• power plant    электростанция
• power play    схватка власти
• power point    штепсельная розетка
• power politics    политика с позиции силы
• power station    электростанция
• power steering    рулевое управление с усилителем
• power train    трансмиссия
• sphere of power    сфера влияния
• state power    государственная власть
• superior power    верховная власть
• supreme power    высшая власть
• take power    захватить власть
• the powers that be    сильные мира сего
• thermal power station    теплоэлектростанция
• to the power of    в степени
• world power    сверхдержава

Español (Spanish)
n. - fuerza, vigor, poder, facultad, autoridad, corriente, potencia, capacidad, dominio, competencia, transmisión, tracción, poderío
v. tr. - accionar, impulsar
adj. - de potencia, de fuerza o energía

idioms:

• in power    estar en el poder, gobernar, en el poder, en el gobierno
• in the power of    en poder de
• power base    base de poder
• power behind the throne    el poder en la sombra
• power bloc    bloque internacional
• power block    bloque de potencias
• power breakfast    desayuno de negocios
• power cut    corte de corriente, apagón
• power down    apagar
• power failure    corte de corriente, apagón
• power game    juego del poder
• power line    línea de transmisión
• power of attorney    poder notarial
• power plant    central eléctrica, grupo electrógeno
• power play    táctica de concentrar los jugadores en un punto determinado
• power point    toma de corriente
• power politics    política de fuerza
• power station    central eléctrica
• power steering    dirección asistida
• power supply    sistema de alimentación
• power train    sistema de transmisión
• power up    dar encendido, encender
• sphere of power    esfera de influencia
• state power    poder estatal
• superior power    superioridad, superioridad numérica
• supreme power    autoridad suprema
• take power    asumir el poder
• the powers that be    las autoridades
• thermal power station    central térmica
• to the power of    elevado a la potencia

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - makt, befogenhet, kraft, dignitet, potens (mat.), förmåga, massa (fam.)
v. - driva
adj. - makt-, elektrisk(t)

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
权, 政权, 势力, 权力, 职权, 使...有力量, 激励, 供以动力, 借影响有权势人物以操纵权力的

idioms:

• be in power    当权, 掌权
• power base    权力支柱
• power behind the throne    幕后实权派, 幕后拥有权力者
• power bloc    国际力量集团, 动力滑车
• power block    国际力量集团, 动力滑车
• power breakfast    早餐会报
• power cut    停电, 供电中断
• power down    减少动力消耗
• power failure    停电, 电源故障, 断电
• power game    权力游戏, 权力竞争
• power line    电线, 输电线
• power of attorney    委任状, 授权书
• power plant    动力工场, 电动装置, 发电厂, 发电机
• power play    集中攻势, 高压攻势
• power point    电源插座, 墙装插座
• power politics    强权政治
• power station    发电所
• power steering    动力方向盘
• power supply    电力供应, 动力供应
• power train    运载工具中的动力传动系
• power up    增加动力消耗
• sphere of power    权力范围, 势力范围
• state power    国家权力机关
• superior power    优势
• supreme power    最高权力
• take power    取得政权
• the powers that be    掌权者们, 当局
• thermal power station    火力发电所
• to the power of    乘方, 指数

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 權, 政權, 勢力, 權力, 職權
v. tr. - 使...有力量, 激勵, 供以動力
adj. - 借影響有權勢人物以操縱權力的

idioms:

• be in power    當權, 掌權
• power base    權力支柱
• power behind the throne    幕後實權派, 幕後擁有權力者
• power bloc    國際力量集團, 動力滑車
• power block    國際力量集團, 動力滑車
• power breakfast    早餐會報
• power cut    停電, 供電中斷
• power down    減少動力消耗
• power failure    停電, 電源故障, 斷電
• power game    權力遊戲, 權力競爭
• power line    電線, 輸電線
• power of attorney    委任狀, 授權書
• power plant    動力工場, 電動裝置, 發電廠, 發電機
• power play    集中攻勢, 高壓攻勢
• power point    電源插座, 牆裝插座
• power politics    強權政治
• power station    發電所
• power steering    動力方向盤
• power supply    電力供應, 動力供應
• power train    運載工具中的動力傳動系
• power up    增加動力消耗
• sphere of power    權力範圍, 勢力範圍
• state power    國家權力機關
• superior power    優勢
• supreme power    最高權力
• take power    取得政權
• the powers that be    掌權者們, 當局
• thermal power station    火力發電所
• to the power of    乘方, 指數

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 힘, 능력, 생활력
v. tr. - ~에동력을 공급하다
adj. - 동력으로 운전하는

idioms:

• be in power    수중에 있다
• power down    에너지의 소비량을 내리다
• power up    에너지의 소비량을 올리다
• take power    권력을 잡다
• the powers that be    동의하지 않거나 이해 못 하다
• to the power of    ~을 자승하여

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 力, 能力, 体力, 知力, 権力, 力強さ, 強国, 権限, 動力, 電力, 権力者, 悪魔
v. - 動力を供給する

idioms:

• be in power    政権を握って
• power base    支持母体
• power behind the throne    陰の実力者, 黒幕
• power bloc    パワーブロック
• power block    パワーブロック
• power breakfast    重要な人物と共にする朝食
• power cut    送電停止, 停電
• power failure    停電
• power game    権力獲得競争
• power line    電力線, 送電線
• power of attorney    委任状
• power plant    発電所, 動力装置
• power play    パワープレー, 力の政策
• power point    壁付けソケット
• power politics    武力外交
• power station    発電所
• power steering    パワーステアリング
• power train    パワートレイン, 伝導機構
• staying power    耐久力, 持久力
• take power    実権を握る
• the powers that be    当局
• the reins of power    支配権
• to the power of    (数学)～乗

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) قوة, قدرة, سلطان, نفوذ (فعل) يزود بالقوة (صفه) قوة بدنيه وعقليه‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮עוצמה, סמכות, אנרגיה, מעצמה, אלוהות, הספק, כושר, כוח, חזקה (במתימטיקה), יכולת, שליטה, כמות גדולה (מדוברת), כוח צבאי, תכונה פעילה, עליונות, השפעה‬
v. tr. - ‮סיפק כוח, הניע, הפסיק או הפעיל כוח, הגביר או צמצם את אספקת הכוח‬
adj. - ‮מכני, מנועי‬

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