The rate of prenatal cocaine exposure in the United States ranges from 0.3% to 31% depending on the population surveyed and method of ascertainment.

During prenatal development, a particular organ or body part is most vulnerable to exposure to teratogens during its:

teratogen

Brenda Cathrine Stade has written:

'The burden of prenatal exposure to alcohol'

Factors that can affect prenatal development include the mother's health, nutrition, exposure to harmful substances (such as drugs and alcohol), genetics, and stress levels. Additionally, environmental factors like pollution and infections can also impact the development of the fetus.