Despite the large scale forest clearance large mammals still remain in the ecoregion including leopard and their prey such as chinkara (Gazella bennettii) and the threatened species chousingha (Tetracerus quadricornis), and blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra). The scrubland is also home to another large cat, the caracal, which preys on mice, birds, and reptiles. There are two endemic mammals, both bats: Triaenops persicus and the Small Mouse-tailed Bat (Rhinopoma muscatellum)
There are more than 400 species of birds in the region including the endemics Rufous-vented Prinia (Prinia burnesii), the near-endemic White-winged Tit (Parus nuchalis) and the threatened Great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) and Lesser Florican (Eupodotis indica).
==Threats and preservation== Over 90% of the ecoregion has been converted to human use, and the remaining habitat is highly fragmented. There are many protected areas but they are very small and unconnected and even these are liable to invasion for firewood collecting and clearance for planting. However the traditions of the Bishnoi community based in this region extend protection to some wildlife, especially the blackbuck and the tree.