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prostatitis

 
Medical Encyclopedia: Prostatitis
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Definition

Prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate gland, a common condition in adult males. Often caused by infection, prostatitis may develop rapidly (acute) or slowly (chronic).

Description

Prostatitis may be the symptom-producing disease of the genitourinary tract for which men most often seek medical help. About 40% of visits to a specialist in genitourinary problems (urologist) are for prostatitis. Forms of prostate inflammation include acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis and inflammation not caused by bacterial infection. A painful condition called prostatodynia, which may be caused by abnormal nerves or muscles in the region, is also thought to be a form of prostatitis. The chronic bacterial form is sometimes experienced by men whose sex partners have a bacterial infection of the vagina, making this a sexually transmitted disease. Other cases occur when small stones form within the prostate and become infected. Sometimes infection is caused by poor hygiene, surgical procedures, or even swimming in polluted water.

The sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea may sometimes cause prostatitis, and tuberculosis may spread to the prostate. Parasites and fungi may infect the prostate gland. Some men whose prostatitis is not caused by any microorganism have microscopic collections of cells called granulomas in their prostate tissue. Whether viruses also may cause prostatitis is debatable.

— David A. Cramer, MD


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Dictionary: pros·ta·ti·tis   (prŏs'tə-tī'tĭs) pronunciation
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n.
Inflammation of the prostate gland.


Dental Dictionary: prostatitis
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n

Acute or chronic inflammation of the prostate gland, usually the result of infection.

 
Columbia Encyclopedia: prostatitis
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prostatitis (prŏs'tətī'tĭs), inflammation of the prostate gland. Acute prostatitis is usually a result of infection in the urinary tract or infection carried by the blood; in many cases the infection spreads from the urethra and is contracted through sexual transmission. Symptoms include fever, low back pain, and difficulty or pain in urination; the gland is tender and swollen. Infection, caused by a variety of pathogenic bacteria and certain protozoans, is treated by an appropriate antibiotic. Healing is usually complete, but the condition may become chronic if the infecting organism persists.

Veterinary Dictionary: prostatitis
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Inflammation of the prostate. Occurs mostly in dogs where it may be acute, causing fever, leukocytosis, pain and gait abnormalities, or chronic with dysuria, hematuria and constipation.

Wikipedia: Prostatitis
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Prostatitis
Classification and external resources
ICD-10 N41.
ICD-9 601
DiseasesDB 10801
MedlinePlus 000524
eMedicine emerg/488
MeSH [1]

Prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate gland, in men. A prostatitis diagnosis is assigned at 8% of all urologist and 1% of all primary care physician visits in the United States.[1]

Classification

The term prostatitis refers, in its strictest sense, to histological (microscopic) inflammation of the tissue of the prostate gland, although it is loosely (and confusingly) used to describe several completely different conditions. To remedy this, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) devised a new classification system in 1999, comprising four categories of prostatitis:

Category I

Main article: Acute prostatitis

Acute prostatitis is a bacterial infection of the prostate gland that requires urgent medical treatment.

Category II

Main article: Chronic bacterial prostatitis

Chronic bacterial prostatitis is a relatively rare condition that usually presents as intermittent urinary tract infections.

Category III

Main article: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS), accounting for 90%-95% of prostatitis diagnoses,[2] is also known as chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. The prevalence in the population of this disorder is 0.5%.[3] Men in this category have no known infection, but do have extensive pelvic pain lasting more than 3 months.[4] There are no standard diagnostic tests; diagnosis is by exclusion of other disease entities. Multimodal therapy is the most successful treatment option,[5] and includes α-blockers,[6] phytotherapy,[7][8] and protocols aimed at quieting the pelvic nerves through myofascial trigger point release with psychological re-training for anxiety control.[9][10] Antibiotics are not recommended.[11][12]

Category IV

Main article: Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis

Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis patients have no history of genitourinary pain complaints, but leukocytosis is noted, usually during evaluation for other conditions. Between 6-19% of men have pus cells in their semen but no symptoms.[13]

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ Collins MM, Stafford RS, O'Leary MP, Barry MJ (1998). "How common is prostatitis? A national survey of physician visits". J. Urol. 159 (4): 1224–8. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(01)63564-X. PMID 9507840. 
  2. ^ Habermacher GM, Chason JT, Schaeffer AJ (2006). "Prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome". Annu. Rev. Med. 57: 195–206. doi:10.1146/annurev.med.57.011205.135654. PMID 16409145. 
  3. ^ Taylor BC, Noorbaloochi S, McNaughton-Collins M, et al. (May 2008). "Excessive antibiotic use in men with prostatitis". Am. J. Med. 121 (5): 444–9. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.01.043. PMID 18456041. 
  4. ^ Luzzi GA (2002). "Chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain in men: aetiology, diagnosis and management". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV 16 (3): 253–6. doi:10.1046/j.1468-3083.2002.00481.x. PMID 12195565. 
  5. ^ Potts JM (2005). "Therapeutic options for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome". Current urology reports 6 (4): 313–7. doi:10.1007/s11934-005-0030-5. PMID 15978236. 
  6. ^ Yang G, Wei Q, Li H, Yang Y, Zhang S, Dong Q (2006). "The effect of alpha-adrenergic antagonists in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". J. Androl. 27 (6): 847–52. doi:10.2164/jandrol.106.000661. PMID 16870951. "...treatment duration should be long enough (more than 3 months)". 
  7. ^ Shoskes DA, Zeitlin SI, Shahed A, Rajfer J (1999). "Quercetin in men with category III chronic prostatitis: a preliminary prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial". Urology 54 (6): 960–3. doi:10.1016/S0090-4295(99)00358-1. PMID 10604689. 
  8. ^ Elist J (2006). "Effects of pollen extract preparation Prostat/Poltit on lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study". Urology 67 (1): 60–3. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2005.07.035. PMID 16413333. 
  9. ^ Anderson RU, Wise D, Sawyer T, Chan C (2005). "Integration of myofascial trigger point release and paradoxical relaxation training treatment of chronic pelvic pain in men". J. Urol. 174 (1): 155–60. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000161609.31185.d5. PMID 15947608. 
  10. ^ Anderson RU, Wise D, Sawyer T, Chan CA (2006). "Sexual dysfunction in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: improvement after trigger point release and paradoxical relaxation training". J. Urol. 176 (4 Pt 1): 1534–8; discussion 1538–9. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2006.06.010. PMID 16952676. 
  11. ^ Alexander RB, Propert KJ, Schaeffer AJ, et al. (2004). "Ciprofloxacin or tamsulosin in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a randomized, double-blind trial". Ann. Intern. Med. 141 (8): 581–9. PMID 15492337. 
  12. ^ Nickel JC, Downey J, Clark J, et al. (2003). "Levofloxacin for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men: a randomized placebo-controlled multicenter trial". Urology 62 (4): 614–7. doi:10.1016/S0090-4295(03)00583-1. PMID 14550427. 
  13. ^ Korrovits P, Ausmees K, Mändar R, Punab M (June 2008). "Prevalence of asymptomatic inflammatory (National Institutes of Health Category IV) prostatitis in young men according to semen analysis". Urology 71 (6): 1010–5. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2007.12.082. PMID 18455767. 
v • d • e
Inflammation
Acute
Chronic
Processes
Specific types
female: Oophoritis · Salpingitis · Endometritis · Parametritis · Cervicitis · Vaginitis · Vulvitis · Mastitis

male: Orchitis · Epididymitis · Prostatitis · Balanitis · Balanoposthitis

pregnancy/newborn: Chorioamnionitis · Omphalitis
v • d • e
Diseases of the pelvis and genitals (N40-N99, 600-629)
Female
Other/general
Male
Other
reproductive system navs: anat female,male/physio/dev, noncongen/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc

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Dental Dictionary. Mosby's Dental Dictionary. Copyright © 2004 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/.  Read more
Veterinary Dictionary. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Prostatitis".  Read more