includes the following ores: chromite, chromium, cobalt, columbite, ferberite, huebnerite, manganese, manganite, molybdenite, molybdenum, molybdite, nickel, psilomelane, pyrolusite, rhodochrosite, scheelite, tantalite, tantalum, tungsten.

Russia,Brazil,Australia,South Africa,Gabon and India.

It is mined, and extracted from: * pyrolusite (MnO2), * braunite (Mn2+Mn3+6SiO12), * psilomelane (Ba(Mn2+)(Mn4+)8O16(OH)4), and * to a lesser extent as rhodochrosite (MnCO3). The ore is processed similarly to iron ore to make steel, but requires higher temperatures.