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quill

 
Dictionary: quill   (kwĭl) pronunciation
n.
  1. The hollow stemlike main shaft of a feather. Also called calamus.
  2. Any of the larger wing or tail feathers of a bird.
  3. A writing pen made from the shaft of a feather.
  4. Music.
    1. A plectrum for a stringed instrument of the clavichord type.
    2. A pipe having a hollow stem.
  5. A toothpick made from the stem of a feather.
  6. One of the sharp hollow spines of a porcupine or hedgehog.
  7. A spindle or bobbin around which yarn is wound in weaving.
  8. A hollow shaft that rotates on a solid shaft when gears are engaged.
tr.v., quilled, quill·ing, quills.
  1. To wind (thread or yarn) onto a quill.
  2. To make or press small ridges in (fabric).

[Middle English quil.]


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The shaft of a bird's feather (1).

  • q. suture technique — a secure, external method of closing the vulva against prolapse; now obsolete. A vertically placed piece of rubber tubing on either side of the vulva is encircled in a row of four or five horizontal mattress sutures.
A cynical view of the world by Ambrose Bierce


n.

An implement of torture yielded by a goose and commonly wielded by an ass. This use of the quill is now obsolete, but its modern equivalent, the steel pen, is wielded by the same everlasting Presence.


Word Tutor: quill
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pronunciation

IN BRIEF: A large stiff feather. Also: A pen made from a feather.

pronunciation A quill was used for signing the important document in 1776.

Dream Symbol: Quill
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As a writing instrument often associated with refinement and gentility, the quill can symbolize superior social status or prestige, sophistication or style, false delicacy or affectation, and belles lettres, among others. In a dream it may provide inspiration to write about thoughts and dreams.


Wikipedia: Quill
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Sharpening a quill

A quill pen is a writing implement made from a flight feather (preferably a primary wing-feather) of a large bird. Quills were used for writing with ink before the invention of the dip pen, metal-nibbed pens, the fountain pen, and, eventually, the ballpoint pen. The hand-cut goose quill is rarely still used as a calligraphy tool, mainly because many papers are derived from wood pulp and wear down the quill very quickly, but it is still the tool of choice for a few select professionals and does provide a sharp stroke, and more flexibility than a steel pen. The hollow shaft of the feather acts as an ink reservoir and ink flows to the tip by capillary action.

The strongest quills come from the primary flight feathers discarded by birds during their annual moult. Generally the left wing is favored by the right-handed majority of writers because the feathers curve out to the right, away from the hand holding the pen, but because of the current scarcity of substantial quills this is usually overlooked as the curvature is not actually so pronounced as to cause any difficulty to the professional.

Goose feathers are most commonly used; scarcer, more expensive swan feathers are considered premium. Depending on availability and strength of the feather, as well as quality/characteristic of the line wanted by the writer, other feathers used for quill-pen making include feathers from the swan, goose, crow, eagle, owl, hawk, and turkey. The barbs are always stripped off partially or completely as they are an impractical distraction. The fancy, fully plumed quill is a hollywood invention and has no basis in reality. Most, if not all manuscript illustrations of scribes show a quill devoid of decorative barbs.

History

Quills were the principal writing instrument from the 6th to the 19th century, the best of which were usually made from goose and swan feathers, and later, turkey feathers, However, quills went into decline after the invention of the metal pen, first patented in America in 1810 and then mass produced by 1860.

According to the Supreme Court Historical Society, 20 goose-quill pens, neatly crossed, are placed at the four counsel tables each day the U.S. Supreme Court is in session; "most lawyers appear before the Court only once, and gladly take the quills home as souvenirs."[1] This has been done since the earliest sessions of the Court.[2]

Quills are denominated from the order in which they are fixed in the wing, the first called the pinion is that favoured by the expert calligrapher, the second and third quills being very satisfactory also. No other feather on the wing would be considered suitable by a professional scribe.

Information can be obtained on the techniques of curing and cutting quills[3]

"In order to harden a quill that is soft, thrust the barrel into hot ashes, stirring it till it is soft; then taking it out, press it almost flat upon your knees with the back of a penknife, and afterwards reduce it to a roundness with your fingers. If you have a number to harden, set water and alum over the fire; and while it is boiling put in a handful of quills, the barrels only, for a minute, and then lay them by."[4]

References

  1. ^ "How the court works." Supreme Court Historical Society.
  2. ^ "The Court and Its Traditions." Supreme Court of the United States.
  3. ^ Child, Heather (1985). The Calligraphers Handbook. A & C Black UK. ISBN 071362695X. 
  4. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica, 6th edition, 1823.

External links


Translations: Quill
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Dansk (Danish)
n. - fjer, pennefjer, pen, pindsvinepig, spole, hulaksel
v. tr. - pibe, kruse

Nederlands (Dutch)
veer, spoel, schacht, staartpen, ganzenpen, (mv) stekels (van stekelvarken), fluit, dobber, rolvormige plooien in aanbrengen, op een spoel winden, steken met stekels

Français (French)
n. - penne, plume, tuyau de plume, piquant (de porc-épic), plume d'oie
v. tr. - enrouler (fil), gaufrer, plisser

Deutsch (German)
n. - Schwanzfeder, Federkiel, Stachel, Schwimmer, Panflöte
v. - kräuseln

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - κάλαμος, κοίλο στέλεχος φτερού, γραφίδα ή πένα φτερού, αγκάθι σκαντζόχοιρου, πένα (κιθάρας κ.λπ.)
v. - πτυχώνω, πλισάρω

Italiano (Italian)
penna, galleggiante

Português (Portuguese)
n. - pena de ave (f), eixo oco (m)
v. - dobrar, enrolar

Русский (Russian)
перо

Español (Spanish)
n. - pluma, púa, flotador
v. tr. - desplumar, pelar, rizar

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - vingpenna, spole (på fjäder), gåspenna, tandpetare, flöte, plektrum, piggsvinspigg, spole (vävn.), stång, rulle (t ex kanel), herdepipa (poet.)
v. - vecka, pipa (sömnad.), spola upp

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
羽茎, 鹅毛笔, 大翎毛, 刺穿

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 羽莖, 鵝毛筆, 大翎毛
v. tr. - 刺穿

한국어 (Korean)
n. - (새의) 깃, 깃펜, 바늘, 이쑤시개, 갈대 피리
v. tr. - 관 모양의 주름을 잡다, 실을 실패에 감다

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 羽, 鵞ペン, 針

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) ريشه, بكرة, قلم, الجز العائم في صنارة السمك (فعل) وخز بالريشه‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮עט נוצה, נוצת כנף או זנב ארוכה, קוץ של קיפוד, קנה הנוצה, חליל העשוי מקנה חלול‬
v. tr. - ‮עיצב בצורת גליל, סלסל‬


 
 
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crow-quill
stiff-tailed
Peroutka (family name)

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Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Veterinary Dictionary. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved.  Read more
Devil's Dictionary. Devil's Dictionary by Ambrose Bierce, 1911  Read more
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