rasm
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Rasm is an Arabic term that signifies: drawing, sketch, trace, graph, pictures, outline, pattern, mark, notes, design, regulation, form, rate. When speaking of the Qur'an it stands for the basic 18 letters used in early manuscripts, i.e. without diacritical marks, hamza, vowel signs and the like.
Compare the beginning of the qurʾān with all additional signs and with the rasm only:
بِسْمِ اللّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ
ٮسمالـلهالرحمںالرحٮم or with spaces: ٮسم الـله الر حمن الر هٮم
(note that space occurs not only between words)
This image from an early Qur'an shows the beginning of the second sura in rasm plus red dots for vowels (incl. tanwin), plus a fancy sign for "end of aya", but no diacritical marks.
The Samarkand Qur'an that was from 1869 to 1917 in St. Petersburg shows almost only the rasm.
External links
- Are There Scribal Errors In The Qur'ân?
- some pages from the famous St.Petersburg-Samerkand-Tashkent Koran in Kufic click on the fourth to seventh images!
- a page in the earliest script ma'il
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