Rasm
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For the measure of airline performance by the same name, see RASM.
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Rasm (Arabic: رَسْم) means drawing, outline, or pattern in Arabic. When speaking of the Quran, it stands for the basic text made of the 18 letters without diacritics/i'jam.
The rasm is the oldest part of the Arabic script; it has eighteen elements:
| rasm | ا | ٮ | ح | د | ر | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ڪ | ل | م | ں | ه | و | ى |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPA values | ʔ, aː | b, t, θ | ħ, x, d͡ʒ | d, ð | r, z | s, ʃ | sˤ, dˤ | tˤ, ðˤ | ʕ, ɣ | f | q | k | l, ɫ | m | n | h, t | w, uː | j, iː |
| rasm | ا | ٮـ | حـ | د | ر | سـ | صـ | طـ | عـ | ٯـ | ڪـ | لـ | مـ | هـ | و |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPA values | ʔ, aː | b, t, θ, n, j, iː | ħ, x, d͡ʒ | d, ð | r, z | s, ʃ | sˤ, dˤ | tˤ, ðˤ | ʕ, ɣ | f, q | k | l, ɫ | m | h | w, uː |
| rasm | ـا | ـٮـ | ـحـ | ـد | ـر | ـسـ | ـصـ | ـطـ | ـعـ | ـڡـ | ـڪـ | ـلـ | ـمـ | ـهـ | ـو |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPA values | ʔ, aː | b, t, θ, n, j, iː | ħ, x, d͡ʒ | d, ð | r, z | s, ʃ | sˤ, dˤ | tˤ, ðˤ | ʕ, ɣ | f, q | k | l, ɫ | m | h | w, uː |
| rasm | ـا | ـٮ | ـح | ـد | ـر | ـس | ـص | ـط | ـع | ـڡ | ـٯ | ـڪ | ـل | ـم | ـں | ـه | ـو | ـى |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPA values | ʔ, aː | b, t, θ, | ħ, x, d͡ʒ | d, ð | r, z | s, ʃ | sˤ, dˤ | tˤ, ðˤ | ʕ, ɣ | f | q | k | l, ɫ | m | n | h, t | w, uː | j, iː |
Compare the beginning of the Qurʾān with all diacritics and with the rasm only:
بِسْمِ ٱللّٰهِ ٱلرَّحْمٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
ٮسماللهالرحمںالرحٮم
or with spaces:
ٮسم الله الر حمں الر حٮم
(note that spaces do not occur only between words)
Historical example
The Kufic Samarkand Qur'an that was from 1869 to 1917 in St. Petersburg shows almost only the rasm.
See also
External links
- Are There Scribal Errors In The Qur'an?
- Some pages from the famous St.Petersburg-Samerkand-Tashkent Koran. The fourth to seventh images are written in the Kufic script
- A page in the earliest script, known as ma'il
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