Ballet in three acts by Glazunov (1898, St Petersburg).
Raymonda
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| Dictionary of Dance: Raymonda |
Ballet in three acts with choreography by Petipa, libretto by Petipa and Lydia Pashkova, music by Glazunov, sets by O. Allegri, K. Ivanov, and P. Lambin, and costumes by E. Ofizerova and I. Kaffi. Premiered 19 Jan. 1898 at the Maryinsky Theatre with Legnani, S. Legat, and Gerdt. The ballet is set in the time of the Crusades and tells the story of Raymonda, a beautiful noblewoman who is engaged to marry the Crusader Jean de Brienne. During her lover's absence the wicked Saracen knight Abderakhman attempts to abduct her, but she is saved by the intervention of a protecting spirit, the White Lady, whereupon Brienne returns to slay his rival. The lovers' joyful marriage is celebrated by a lavish Hungarian divertissement. The ballet's slender storyline (which has been whittled down even further during the decades) is little more than a vehicle for Petipa's choreographic invention and for the ballerina's technique (displayed in several exquisite variations). It is regarded as Petipa's last true masterpiece and has been constantly revived in Russia. It was kept unchanged in the Kirov repertoire until 1938 when Vainonen staged a new version with a revised libretto by himself and Slominsky. In 1948 Sergeyev staged a version which reverted to a close approximation of Petipa. The Bolshoi danced their first production in 1900 and in 1908 showed a brand-new version by Gorsky. Lavrovsky staged a later revival (1945) with much of Petipa's choreography restored. In the West, Petipa's ballet has appeared in many different forms. The Grand Pas hongrois (Act III) formed part of an evening of divertissements danced by Diaghilev's Ballets Russes in Paris (1909) and Pavlova presented a two-act version of the ballet staged by Ivan Clustine in New York (1914). The complete ballet was danced in Nicholas Zvereff's staging for the National Opera Ballet of Lithuania in London (1935) while the first US production was a shortened re-creation of Petipa's work by Danilova and Balanchine for the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo (New York, 1946). Nureyev staged a complete version in 1964 for the Royal Ballet Touring Company at the Spoleto Festival although only Act III remained in the permanent repertoire. Nureyev subsequently re-staged the complete production for Australian Ballet (1965), Zurich Opera Ballet (1972), and for American Ballet Theatre (1975). Berlin Opera Ballet also staged the complete ballet in a production by T. Gsovsky (Acts I and II) and Beriozoff (Act III). Balanchine choreographed his own ballet, Pas de dix, to the music from the Grand Pas hongrois (1955), later developed into Cortège hongrois (1973), and also Raymonda Variations (to other extracts from Glazunov's score) in 1961.
| Wikipedia: Raymonda |
| Important Ballets & *Revivals of Marius Petipa |
|---|
*Paquita (1847, *1881) |
Raymonda (Russian: Раймонда, the name of a main character) is a ballet in three acts, four scenes with an Apotheosis, choreographed by Marius Petipa, with music by Alexander Glazunov, his Opus 57. First presented by the Imperial Ballet at the Imperial Mariinsky Theatre on January 7/19 , 1898 (Julian/Gregorian calendar dates) in St. Petersburg, Russia. The ballet is famous for its Grand Pas Classique known as the Grand Pas Classique Hongrois or Raymonda Pas de Dix from the third Act, which is often extracted from the full-length work to be performed independently.
Contents |
History
Composition history
Raymonda was the creation of Marius Petipa, the renowned Maître de Ballet to the St. Petersburg Imperial Theatres, the great composer Alexander Glazunov, and the director of the St. Petersburg Imperial Theatres Ivan Vsevolozhsky, and the columnist Lidiya Pashkova.
Performance history
St. Petersburg Premiere (World Premiere)
- Date: 7 January 1898
- Place: Mariinsky Theatre, St. Petersburg
- Balletmaster: Marius Petipa
- Conductor: Riccardo Drigo
- Scene Designers: O. Allegri, K. Ivanov, Pyotr Lambin
Moscow Premiere
- Date: 23 January 1900
- Place: Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow
- Balletmaster: Ivan Khlyustin, Aleksandr Gorsky
- Conductor: Andrey Arends
- Scene Designers: Karl Valts (Waltz), Lütke-Meyer, P. Isakov
Other Notable Productions
- 1908, Moscow, Bolshoy Theatre, balletmaster Gorsky, conductor Arends, décor by Konstantin Korovin
Original Interpreters
| Role | St. Petersburg 1898 | Moscow 1900 | Moscow 1908 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Raymonda | Pierina Legnani | Adelaide Giuri | Yekaterina Geltser |
| Jean de Brienne | Sergey Legat | Mikhail Mordkin | Vasiliy Tikhomirov |
| Henrietta | Olga Preobrazhenskaya | ||
| Cléménce | Klavdiya Kulichevskaya | ||
| Abderakhman | Pavel Gerdt | A. Yermolayev | M. Shchipachov |
The full-length Raymonda has been revived many times throughout its performance history, the most noted productions being staged by Mikhail Fokine for the Ballet Russe (1909); Anna Pavlova for her touring company (1914); George Balanchine and Alexandra Danilova for the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo (1946); Konstantin Sergeyev for the Kirov Ballet (1948); Rudolf Nureyev for American Ballet Theatre (1975), and for the Paris Opera Ballet (1983); Yuri Grigorovich for the Bolshoi Ballet (1984); Anna-Marie Holmes (in a 2-act reduction) for the Finnish National Ballet (2004), a version which was then staged for American Ballet Theatre (2004) and the Dutch National Ballet (2005).
There have been many productions around the world of only extracts from the full-length Raymonda, being for the most part taken from the Grand Pas Classique Hongrois from the third Act, which is considered to be among Marius Petipa's supreme masterworks. The most noted of these productions have been staged by George Balanchine for the New York City Ballet (1955, 1961, 1973); Rudolf Nureyev for the Royal Ballet Touring Company (1964); and Mikhail Baryshnikov for American Ballet Theatre (1980, 1987).
In 2005 the Australian Ballet Company performed a modern version of Raymonda, set in the 1950s, where Raymond is a Hollywood star and has filmed her last film before marrying a European prince. It was choreographed by Stephen Baynes and bears no resemblance to the original ballet.
Structure
Act I (scene 1) — La fête de Raymonde
- no.01 Introduction
- no.02 Jeux et danses
-
- —a. La traditrice
- no.03 Entrée de Raymonde
- no.04 Scène
- interpolation: Entrée d'Abdéràme
- no.05 Entrée des vassals et des esclaves
- no.06 Pas d'ensemble —
-
- a. Valse provençale
- b. Pizzicato – Variation de Raymonde
- c. Coda
- no.07 Départ des invitées
- no.08 La romanesque —
-
- a. La Romanesque
- b. Une fantaisie – Variation de Raymonde
- no.09 Clémence joue du luth
- no.10 Entrée de la Dame Blanche
- no.11 Entr'acte symphonique
Act I (scene 2) — Visions
- no.12 Grand scène du rêve
- no.13 Entrée de Jean de Brienne
- no.14 Grand Pas d'action —
-
- a. Grand adage
- b. Valse fantastique
- c. Variation I
- d. Variation II
- e. Variation de Raymonde (cut by Petipa from the original production)
- interpolation: Variation pour Mlle. Legnani (arranged by Glazunov from the Valse of his 1894 Scènes de Ballet, op. 52)
-
- f. Grand coda
- no.15 Scène dramatique
- no.16 Ronde des follets et des farfadets
Act I (scene 3) — L'aurore
- no.17 Scène finale
Act II — Cour d'amour
- no.18 Ouverture
- no.19 Marche
- no.20 Entrée d'Abdéràme
- no.21 Pas d'action —
-
- a. Grand adage
- b. Variation
- c. Variation
- d. Variation de Raymonde
- e. Grand coda
- Grand divertissement —
-
- no.22 Entrée
- no.23 Pas des esclaves sarrasins
- no.24 Pas des mariscos
- no.25 Danse sarrasine
- no.26 Pandéros
- no.27 Danse orientale — Danse charactéristique de Raymonde (cut by Petipa from the original production)
- no.28 Coda générale
- no.29 L'arrivée de Jean de Brienne et Roi André II
- no.30 Le combat
- no.31 Dénouement et final
Act III — Le festival des noces
- no.32 Entr'acte
- no.33 Grand cortège hongrois
- no.35 Rapsodie
- no.34 Palotás
- interpolation: Mazurka (Insertion from Glazunov's 1894 Scènes de Ballet, op. 52)
- no.36 Pas classique hongrois —
-
- a. Entrée
- b. Grand adage (a.k.a. Pas de dix)
- c. Variation I
- d. Variation II
- e. Variation pour quatre danseurs
- f. Variation de Raymonde
- interpolation: Variation (taken from the Act II Pas d'action, circa 1941)
- interpolation: Variation (fashioned from the Danse des enfants, circa 1941)
- g. Grand coda
- no.37 Galop générale
- no.38 Apothéose – Tourney
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 | Music Encyclopedia. The Concise Grove Dictionary of Music. Copyright © 1994 by Oxford University Press, Inc.. All rights reserved. Read more |
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