reading
American Heritage Dictionary:
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read·ing
(rē'dĭng) 
n.
n.
- The act or activity of one that reads.
- The act or practice of rendering aloud written or printed matter: skilled at forensic reading.
- An official or public recitation of written material: the reading of a will; a reading by the poet of her own works.
- The specific form of a particular passage in a text: an unusual reading of the old manuscript.
- The distinctive interpretation of a work of performing art given by the person or persons performing it.
- A personal interpretation or appraisal: He gave us his reading of the situation.
- Written or printed material.
- The information indicated by a gauge or graduated instrument.
Roget's Thesaurus:
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reading
noun
- One's artistic conception as shown by the way in which something such as a dramatic role or musical composition is rendered: execution, interpretation, performance, realization, rendering, rendition. See performing arts.
Columbia Encyclopedia:
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reading
reading, process of mentally interpreting written symbols. Facility in reading is an essential factor in educational progress, and instruction in this basic skill is a primary purpose of elementary education. The ability to read was not considered important for most laymen until sometime after Johann Gutenberg's invention of the printing press (c.1450) and the Protestant Reformation, with its emphasis on individual interpretation of the Bible. Until that time reading was generally restricted to the clergy and certain members of the nobility. Although illiteracy is still a problem in many areas of the world, compulsory childhood education laws have assured that most citizens of advanced industrial nations can read.
Physiological and psychological studies suggest that the process of reading is based on a succession of quick eye movements, known as fixations, across the written line, each of which lasts for about a quarter of a second. In each fixation more than one word is perceived and interpreted, so that a skilled reader may take in more than three words per fixation when reading easy material. Depending on the rate of fixations and the difficulty of the material, an adult can read and understand anywhere from 200 to 1,000 words per minute.
There has been considerable difference of opinion about the best method of teaching children to read. By the end of the 20th cent. the educational concensus was largely that a combination of phonics, which emphasizes sound, and the whole-language method, which emphasizes meaning, is the most effective way to teach the skill. Most educators also agree on the importance of remedial work for students whose progress is impeded by impaired vision, faulty eye movements, developmental disabilities such as dyslexia, or personal handicaps resulting from poor teaching.
Bibliography
See G. Hildreth, Teaching Reading (1958); I. A. Richards, How to Read a Page (1959); G. Cuomo, Becoming a Better Reader (1960); H. Diack, Reading and the Psychology of Perception (1960); J. S. Chall, Learning to Read: The Great Debate (1967); M. Cox, The Challenge of Reading Failure (1968); M. J. Adler and C. Van Doren, How to Read a Book (rev. ed. 1972); M. C. Robeck and J. A. R. Wilson, Psychology of Reading (1974).
Devil's Dictionary:
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reading
A cynical view of the world by Ambrose Bierce
n.
The general body of what one reads. In our country it consists, as a rule, of Indiana novels, short stories in "dialect" and humor in slang.
We know by one's reading
His learning and breeding;
By what draws his laughter
We know his Hereafter.
Read nothing, laugh never --
The Sphinx was less clever!
Jupiter Muke
Word Tutor:
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reading
IN BRIEF: Going over and taking in and understand the meaning of letters or symbols.
Books worth reading once are worth reading twice; and what is most important of all, the masterpieces of literature are worth reading a thousand times.
— John Viscount Morley of Blackburn (1838-1923), British liberal statesman and man of letters.
LearnThatWord.com is a free vocabulary and spelling program where you only pay for results!
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(in molecular biology) the process of one-way linear decoding of a nucleotide sequence during, e.g., transcription or translation.
| reactivity, reactive oxygen species, reactive | |
| reading frame, readthrough, readthrough protein |
Translations:
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Reading
Dansk (Danish)
n. - læsning, oplæsning, gennemlæsning, belæsthed, resultat, aflæsning (f.eks. måler), fortolkning, behandling (lovforslag)
idioms:
- reading age læseevne (svarende til en bestemt alder)
- reading desk pult, bord
- reading glasses læsebriller
- reading lamp læselampe
- reading room læseværelse, læsesal (bibliotek)
Nederlands (Dutch)
lectuur, duiding, lezing, uitvoering, een indruk, lees-, belezenheid, voordracht
Français (French)
n. - lecture, relevé, indication, interprétation, (GB, Pol) lecture
idioms:
- reading age (École) niveau de lecture
- reading desk bureau/table de lecture
- reading glasses lunettes de lecture
- reading lamp lampe de lecture
- reading room salle de lecture
Deutsch (German)
n. - Lektüre, Lesen, Version, Interpretation, Lesung, Stand
idioms:
- reading age Lesefertigkeit
- reading desk Lesepult
- reading glasses Lesebrille
- reading lamp Leselampe
- reading room Lesesaal
Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - ανάγνωση, διάβασμα, ένδειξη (οργάνου), ακρόαση ηθοποιού ή ερμηνεία ρόλου, απόδοση, διατύπωση, (μτφ.) ερμηνεία (φαινομένων κ.λπ.)
idioms:
- reading age ηλικία ανάγνωσης
- reading desk αναλόγιο
- reading glasses γυαλιά διαβάσματος
- reading lamp επιτραπέζια λάμπα, πορτατίφ
- reading room αναγνωστήριο
Italiano (Italian)
lettura, spiegazione, interpretazione
idioms:
- reading age etý di lettura
- reading desk scrivania
- reading glasses occhiali da lettura
- reading lamp lampada da lettura
- reading room sala di lettura
Português (Portuguese)
n. - leitura (f)
idioms:
- reading age idade para alfabetização
- reading desk mesa para leitura (f)
- reading glasses lupa (f)
- reading lamp lâmpada para leitura (f)
- reading room sala de leitura (f)
Русский (Russian)
чтение, считывание, интерпретация
idioms:
- reading age возраст чтения, степень начитанности
- reading desk письменный стол
- reading glasses очки для чтения
- reading lamp настольная лампа
- reading room читальный зал
Español (Spanish)
n. - lectura, interpretación, versión
idioms:
- reading age nivel de lectura
- reading desk mesa de lectura, atril
- reading glasses gafas de leer
- reading lamp lámpara portátil
- reading room sala de lectura
Svenska (Swedish)
n. - läsning, avläsning, lektyr
中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
阅读, 读物, 阅读材料, 朗读, 学识
idioms:
- reading age 阅读年龄
- reading desk 斜面书桌, 读经台, 阅览桌
- reading glasses 阅读用放大镜
- reading lamp 台灯
- reading room 阅览室
中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 閱讀, 讀物, 閱讀材料, 朗讀, 學識
idioms:
- reading age 閱讀年齡
- reading desk 斜面書桌, 讀經台, 閱覽桌
- reading glasses 閱讀用放大鏡
- reading lamp 檯燈
- reading room 閱覽室
日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 読むこと, 読書, 朗読, 読み物, 記事, 示度, 知識, 読会, 朗読会, 解釈, 演出
adj. - 読書する, 読書用の
idioms:
- reading age 読書年齢
- reading desk 読書台, 聖書台
- reading glasses 拡大鏡
- reading lamp 読書灯
- reading material 読み物
- reading room 閲覧室, 図書閲覧室
- required reading 必読書
العربيه (Arabic)
(الاسم) قراءة
עברית (Hebrew)
n. - קריאה, השכלה, פירוש, גרסה, נוסחה, מידה (במדחום), חומר קריאה, קריאה בפני קהל, קריאת מונה
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American Heritage Dictionary
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Roget's Thesaurus
Roget's II: The New Thesaurus, Third Edition by the Editors of the American Heritage® Dictionary Copyright © 1995 byHoughton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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Columbia Encyclopedia
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/.
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Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry
Oxford University Press. Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology © 1997, 2000, 2006 All rights reserved.
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