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A tendency to recidivate.
[From recidivist, one who recidivates, from French récidiviste, from récidiver, to relapse, from Medieval Latin recidīvāre, from Latin recidīvus, falling back, from recidere, to fall back : re-, re- + cadere, to fall.]
recidivist re·cid'i·vist n.
noun
1. the tendency for an ill person to relapse or return to the hospital. n 2. the return to a life of crime after a conviction and sentence.
The behavior of a repeat or habitual criminal. A measurement of the rate at which offenders commit other crimes, either by arrest or conviction baselines, after being released from incarceration.
Both state and federal laws have been enacted in an attempt to reduce the number of repeat or habitual offenses. For example, Washington's habitual criminal statute imposes a minimum sentence of ten years imprisonment for persons convicted of a second felony, third misdemeanor, or third petit larceny. Furthermore, in the event that a person is convicted of a third felony, fifth misdemeanor, or a fifth petit larceny, the statute imposes a life sentence (Wash. Rev. Code § 9.92.090 [1996]).
Another state that has enacted a recidivism statute is California. California's recidivism statute, more commonly known as the three-strikes law, increases sentencing when the recidivist commits additional crimes. If convicted of a second felony, the criminal's sentence doubles the sentence of the first-time felon, and if convicted of a third violent crime or serious felony, the person will be sentenced to triple the sentence of a first-time felon, or twenty-five years imprisonment, whichever is greater (Cal. Penal Code § 667 [West 1996]).
Congress also responded to the recidivism rates in the United States by enacting the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (Pub. L. No. 103-322, 108 Stat. 1796). This act mandates life imprisonment for the commission of a serious violent felony, or a combination of two or more serious felonies or drug offenses.
There are many ideas on how to solve the problem of recidivism. Some of these include requiring literacy programs in penal institutions, electronic monitoring of home confinement, greater use of halfway houses, and "boot camp" programs consisting of military marching, discipline, physical training, work, classes, and drug and alcohol treatment for young, first-time offenders.
The relapse or recurrence of a disease.
Recidivism (IPA: [ɹɪˈsɪdɪvɪzm̩]; from recidive + ism, from Latin recidīvus "recurring", from re- "back" + cadō "I
fall") is the act of a person repeating an undesirable behavior after they have either experienced negative consequences of that
behavior, or have been treated or trained to extinguish that behavior. The term is most frequently used in conjunction with
As reported on BBC Radio 4 on 2 September 2005, the
recidivism rates for released prisoners in the
Some observers now view the treatment of recidivism, especially for criminal offenders who are at risk of re-incarceration, as being a mental health issue rather than a "crime" issue for which choice theory based programs may be highly effective.
The United States Department of Justice tracked the rearrest, re-conviction, and re-incarceration of former inmates for 3 years after their release from prisons in 15 States in 1994.[1] Key findings include:
- Released prisoners with the highest rearrest rates were robbers (70.2%), burglars (74.0%), larcenists (74.6%), motor vehicle thieves (78.8%), those in prison for possessing or selling stolen property (77.4%), and those in prison for possessing, using, or selling illegal weapons (70.2%).
- Within 3 years, 2.5% of released rapists were arrested for another rape, and 1.2% of those who had served time for homicide were arrested for homicide.
- The 272,111 offenders discharged in 1994 had accumulated 4.1 million arrest charges before their most recent imprisonment and another 744,000 charges within 3 years of release.
Since the word effectively means 'continued rebellion against authority', the ethics and morals of recidivism are dependent on who defines 'undesirable behavior'. Positive examples of recidivism would include several notable individuals of the French Resistance, who continued exhibiting behavior not desired by the de-facto rulers of France at the time, many activists in the American Civil Rights Movement, and the characters from Brave New World.
Michael Maltz wrote an extensive monograph (2 MB) on the subject of recidivism in the US in 1994.
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 | Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more |
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