Nyoman Jaya Wistara has written:

'Inovasi metodologi dan metode estimasi cadangan karbon dalam hutan dalam rangka program reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation (REED) Indonesia'

because deforestation has increased greenhouse gas emissions

Agricultural development can lead to environmental degradation through deforestation, soil erosion, water pollution from pesticides and fertilizers, and loss of biodiversity due to habitat destruction. Intensive farming practices can also deplete soil quality and contribute to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions.

Vegetation degradation refers to the decline in the quality, density, and diversity of plant life in a particular area. It occurs due to various factors such as deforestation, habitat destruction, pollution, overgrazing, and climate change. Vegetation degradation can have negative effects on ecosystems, leading to loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, reduced water quality, and increased vulnerability to natural disasters.

Waste and recycling, deforestation, emissions, pollution,