renal

(rē'nəl)
adj.
Of, relating to, or in the region of the kidneys.

[Late Latin rēnālis, from Latin rēnēs, kidneys.]

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Pertaining to the kidney.

(reen-l)

A descriptive term for the kidneys.

pertaining to, or of, the kidney.

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Pertaining to the kidney. See also kidney.

• r. abscess — results from infected emboli and infarcts. Usually without localizing signs unless they are very large and palpable, or when they extend into the renal pelvis and cause pyelonephritis.
• r. adenoma — rare, incidental necropsy finding.
• r. agenesis — failure of the renal tissue to develop; unilateral agenesis causes compensatory hypertrophy in the single kidney; bilateral is fatal. Commonly accompanies genital tract malformation.
• r. artery
• avian r. hemorrhage — sporadic unexplained disease of turkeys; sudden death is common.
• r. biopsy — is conducted usually with a biopsy needle introduced percutaneously through the flank. In food animals it is possible to fix the left kidney via a rectal manipulation, but the right kidney can be impossible to reach.
• r. calculus — see urolithiasis.
• r. capsular cyst — see feline perirenal cysts.
• r. carcinoma — commonest in old male dogs. They are very large, spread locally and metastasize widely.
• r. casts — see urinary cast.
• r. clearance tests — laboratory tests that determine the ability of the kidney to remove certain substances from the blood. See also phenolsulfonphthalein clearance test, inulin clearance.
• r. cortical fissures — external fissures created by the lobar structure of the large ruminant kidney.
• r. cortical hypoplasia — see renal dysplasia (below).
• r. cortical necrosis — results from patchy or complete renal ischemia and is part of the terminal state of many diseases, e.g. severe metritis, grain overload in cattle, azoturia in horses.
• r. countercurrent system — see countercurrent.
• r. cyst — incidental necropsy finding except for polycystic kidney disease. See also feline perirenal cysts.
• r. cystadenoma — inherited as an autosomal dominant trait in middle-aged German shepherd bitches with generalized nodular dermatofibrosis.
• r. diabetes insipidus — see nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
• r. dialysis — the application of the principles of dialysis for treatment of renal failure (below). See also hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
• r. diverticuli — diverticuli of the renal pelvis.
• r. dysfunction — reduced capacity to excrete metabolic products which accumulate systemically and are detectable clinicopathologically by renal function tests. The early stage of uremia.
• r. dysplasia — small, misshapen kidneys at birth. May be caused by intrauterine infection of the fetus by virus, but numerous inherited renal dysplasias occur in dogs. They occur in several breeds and are manifested by signs of chronic renal insufficiency, e.g. polyuria, polydypsia, poor growth and weight gain, pale mucous membranes, and renal secondary osteodystrophia fibrosa, from an early age.
• r. ectopia — see pelvic kidney, horseshoe kidney.
• r. erythropoietic factor — erythropoietin.
• r. failure — inability of the kidney to maintain normal function. Impairment of kidney function affects most of the body's systems because of its important role in maintaining fluid balance, regulating the electrochemical composition of body fluids, providing constant protection against acid–base imbalance, and controlling blood pressure. See also kidney.
• r. function tests — include blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine estimations, tests of concentrating ability, tests of ability to excrete test substances, e.g. phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) clearance test. Of the urine tests, only specific gravity (SG) has any significance in terms of a function test but abnormalities of urine should lead to a function test being conducted.
• r. hilus — a fissure on the medial border of the kidney through which arteries, veins and ureter enter.
• r. hypophosphatemic rickets — inherited as an X-linked dominant trait in children and mice; characterized by hypophosphatemia and normocalcemia due to failure of phosphate resorption in renal tubules, and skeletal deformities. Called also vitamin-resistant rickets.
• r. infarct — results from embolic or thrombotic occlusion of renal arteries or branches. Clinical signs are those of renal colic initially followed by toxemia if the infarct is infected.
• r. insufficiency — see renal dysfunction (above).
• r. ischemia — a significant cause of renal dysfunction and cortical and medullary necrosis. Is usually part of a general state of shock, dehydration and severe toxemia.
• r. lobe — a large mass of a kidney, comprising the tissue contributing to each pyramid; kidneys may be unilobar (unipyramidal), e.g. cats, dogs, small ruminants, horses, or multilobar (multipyramidal), e.g. cattle, pigs.
• r. lobule — small masses of kidney tissue comprising a medullary ray and its associated nephrons.
• r. medullary necrosis — necrosis of the renal medulla due to restriction of blood flow in medullary vessels, usually due to venous occlusion.
• r. medullary washout — see medullary solute washout.
• r. mineralization — see nephrocalcinosis.
• r. osteodystrophy, r. osteitis fibrosa, r. osteitis fibrosa cystica — see renal secondary hyperparathyroidism.
• r. oxalosis — deposition of oxalate crystals in renal tubules of patients poisoned by dietary oxalate, usually in poisonous plants.
• r. papillae — see renal papilla.
• r. papillary necrosis — necrosis of renal papillae due usually to obstruction to urinary flow or poisoning or dehydration.
• r. pelvis — the chamber in the kidney into which the collecting tubules discharge urine and from which urine is voided into the ureter.
• r. plasma flow — the effective rate of blood flow through the kidneys; the determining factor relative to the rate of glomerular filtration.
• r. portal system — a system unique to birds; half to two thirds of the blood supply to the kidney comes from the hindlimbs via veins and terminates in peritubular capillaries where it is mixed with arteriolar blood coming from the glomeruli.
• r. rickets — see renal secondary hyperparathyroidism.
• r. shutdown — cessation of the excretory function of the kidney; oliguria.
• r. spongiform encephalopathy — spongiform encephalopathy associated with renal failure.
• r. tubular casts — see urinary cast.
• r. vein thrombosis — commonly associated with renal amyloidosis in dogs.

For a list of words related to renal, see:

• Endocrine System and Glands - renal: (adj) designating artery supplying blood to kidneys

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See words rhyming with "renal."

Dansk (Danish)
adj. - [med.] nyre-

Nederlands (Dutch)
met de nieren te maken hebbend

Français (French)
adj. - rénal

Deutsch (German)
adj. - Nieren-

Ελληνική (Greek)
adj. - (ανατ.) νεφρικός

Italiano (Italian)
renale

Português (Portuguese)
adj. - renal (Anat.)

Русский (Russian)
почечный

Español (Spanish)
adj. - renal

Svenska (Swedish)
adj. - (med) njur-

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
肾脏的, 肾的

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
adj. - 腎臟的, 腎的

한국어 (Korean)
adj. - 신장의, 신장부의

日本語 (Japanese)
adj. - 腎臓の, 腎臓部の

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(صفه) كلوي‏

עברית (Hebrew)
adj. - ‮של הכליות, של איזור הכליות‬

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