Espionage is the act of spying it is the same as intelligence gathering because you spy to gather intelligence.

Espionage and Spy are synonyms. synonyms: two words that have the same meaning

George C. Constantinides has written:

'Intelligence and espionage' -- subject(s): Bibliography, Espionage, Intelligence service

Yes, Prudence Wright was a spy during the American Revolutionary War. She gathered intelligence, passed messages, and helped organize an espionage network in Massachusetts. She played a significant role in supporting the Patriot cause.

spying, intelligence, surveillance, undercover-work