Dictionary:

ribose

(rī'bōs')

A pentose sugar, C₅H₁₀O₅, occurring as a component of riboflavin, nucleotides, and nucleic acids.

[German, alteration of English arabinuse, a kind of sugar : (GUM) ARAB(IC) + –IN + –OSE².]

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Sci-Tech Encyclopedia: Ribose

A water-soluble pentose, also known as D-ribose (see first structural formula), which, together with 2-deoxy-D-ribose, makes up the carbohydrate constituents of nucleic acids, which are found in all living organisms.

The universal occurrence of nucleic acids in all living cells makes this pentose highly interesting to biochemists and biologists. The type of nucleic acid that yields D-ribose is referred to as ribonucleic acid (RNA). D-Ribose is a constituent not only of the nucleic acids, but also of several vitamins and coenzymes. As in the nucleic acids, this sugar occurs in the furanose configuration (see second structural formula) in these natural products. See also Coenzyme; Deoxyribose; Nucleic acid; Vitamin.

Food and Nutrition: ribose

A pentose (five-carbon) sugar which occurs as an intermediate in the metabolism of glucose; especially important in the nucleic acids and various coenzymes: occurs widely in foods.

Dental Dictionary: ribose

A 5-carbon sugar that occurs as a component of ribonucleic acid.

Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: ribose

Five-carbon sugar found in RNA. (In DNA the corresponding sugar is the closely related deoxyribose.) A ribose molecule combined with adenine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil forms a nucleoside; adding a phosphate group forms a nucleotide. The ribose of one nucleotide joins with the phosphate of the next to form the RNA backbone. Ribose phosphates are components of various coenzymes and are used by microorganisms in synthesizing histidine.

For more information on ribose, visit Britannica.com.

Sports Science and Medicine: ribose

A five-carbon sugar readily synthesized in the body and provided in small amounts by the diet from ripe fruits and vegetables. Ribose serves as an energy substrate for the resynthesis of ATP.

Columbia Encyclopedia: ribose

(rī'bōs) , monosaccharide carbohydrate of universal distribution in living tissue, found in ribonucleic acid (RNA; see nucleic acid), free nucleotides, and various coenzymes. Its close relative, deoxyribose, is a constituent of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA); ribose has one more oxygen atom in its molecule than deoxyribose. Some of the best procedures for the laboratory preparation of ribose involve the hydrolysis of yeast nucleic acid.

Veterinary Dictionary: ribose

5-carbon sugar present in ribonucleic acid (RNA).

Wikipedia: ribose

Ribose^[1]

IUPAC name	(3R,4S,5R)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2,3,4-triol
Identifiers
CAS number	200-059-4
PubChem	5779
SMILES	C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H](C(O1)O)O)O)O
Properties
Molecular formula	C₅H₁₀O₅
Molar mass	150.13
Appearance	White solid
Melting point	99 °C, 372 K, 210 °F
Solubility in water	Very soluble
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Ribose (ɹˈaɪbəʊs[1], ɹˈaɪbəɹʊs[2]), primarily seen as D-ribose, is an aldopentose — a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including an aldehyde functional group in its linear form. It has the chemical formula C₅H₁₀O₅, and was discovered in 1905 by Phoebus Levene.

As a component of the RNA that is used for genetic transcription, ribose is critical to living creatures. It is related to deoxyribose, which is a component of DNA. It is also a component of ATP, NADH, and several other chemicals that are critical to metabolism.

Refer to the article on deoxyribose for more information on both sugars, how they relate to each other, and how they relate to genetic material.

Isomerism

D-Ribose has the same configuration at its penultimate carbon atom as D-glyceraldehyde.

Ribose in acyclic form

References

^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 8205.

External links

D-Ribose

Major families of biochemicals
Peptides \| Amino acids \| Nucleic acids \| Carbohydrates \| Lipids \| Terpenes \| Carotenoids \| Tetrapyrroles \| Enzyme cofactors \| Steroids \| Flavonoids \| Alkaloids \| Polyketides \| Glycosides
Analogues of nucleic acids:	Types of Carbohydrates	Analogues of nucleic acids:
General:	Aldose \| Ketose \| Pyranose \| Furanose
Geometry:	Triose \| Tetrose \| Pentose \| Hexose \| Heptose \| Cyclohexane conformation \| Anomer \| Mutarotation
Small/Large:	Glyceraldehyde \| Dihydroxyacetone \| Erythrose \| Threose \| Erythrulose \| Sedoheptulose
Trioses:	ketotriose \| Aldotriose
Tetroses:	Erythrulose \| Erythrose \| Threose
Pentoses:	Arabinose \| Deoxyribose \| Lyxose \| Ribose \| Ribulose \| Xylose \| Xylulose
Hexoses:	Glucose \| Galactose \| Mannose \| Gulose \| Idose \| Talose \| Allose \| Altrose \| Fructose \| Sorbose \| Tagatose \| Psicose \| Fucose \| Rhamnose
Disaccharides:	Sucrose \| Lactose \| Trehalose \| Maltose
Polymers:	Glycogen \| Starch (Amylose \| Amylopectin) \| Cellulose \| Chitin \| Stachyose \| Inulin \| Dextrin
Glycosaminoglycans:	Heparin \| Chondroitin sulfate \| Hyaluronan \| Heparan sulfate \| Dermatan sulfate \| Keratan sulfate
Aminoglycosides:	Kanamycin \| Streptomycin \| Tobramycin \| Neomycin \| Paromomycin \| Apramycin \| Gentamicin \| Netilmicin \| Amikacin

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		Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more
		Sci-Tech Encyclopedia. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology. Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more
		Food and Nutrition. A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. Copyright © 1995, 2003, 2005 by A. E. Bender and D. A. Bender. All rights reserved. Read more
		Dental Dictionary. Mosby's Dental Dictionary. Copyright © 2004 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more
		Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more
		Sports Science and Medicine. The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science & Medicine. Copyright © Michael Kent 1998, 2006, 2007. All rights reserved. Read more
		Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/ Read more
		Veterinary Dictionary. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved. Read more
		Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Ribose". Read more