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Robert Indiana
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia:
Robert Indiana |
Robert Indiana
Pop art . He achieved wide recognition for paintings and prints featuring geometric shapes emblazoned with lettering and vivid colours. In 1964 he collaborated with Andy Warhol on the film Eat and was commissioned to produce an EAT sign for the New York pavilion at the New York World's Fair. His most famous image, LOVE, first lettered on canvas in 1965, became a universal symbol for the hippie generation.
Art Encyclopedia:
Robert Indiana |
(b New Castle, IN, 13 Sept 1928). American painter, sculptor and printmaker. He studied at the Art Institute of Chicago (1949-53), the Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture in Maine (summer 1953) and Edinburgh University and Edinburgh College of Art (1953-4), before settling in New York in 1954. There in the late 1950s he began assembling wood sculptures from found materials, often stencilling painted words on to them, as in Moon (h. 1.98 m, 1960; New York, MOMA). He called these works Herms after the quadrangular, stone stelae guardian figures that served as signposts in crossroads in ancient Greece and Rome. Indiana called himself a 'sign painter' to suggest the humble origins of his artistic activity in the American work ethic and to indicate his fascination with the use of words in signs. Joining his interest in Americana with the formal and signifying elements of signs, he visualized the superficial and illusory American Dream in paintings characterized by flat bright colours and clearly defined contours influenced by the hard-edge paintings by friends such as Ellsworth Kelly and Jack Youngerman (b 1926).
See the Abbreviations for further details.
Columbia Encyclopedia:
Robert Indiana |
Indiana, Robert (ĭn'dē-ăn'ə), 1928-, American artist, b. New Castle, Ind., as Robert Clarke. A leading figure in the pop art movement of the 1960s, he has specialized in making signs in various media, inspired by billboards and posters in the American landscape. His best known image, LOVE, first created (1964) for a Christmas card printed by New York's Museum of Modern Art, has been the subject of many of his paintings, sculptures, and prints, and has appeared as a U.S. postage stamp and in untold numbers of posters, reproductions, and commercial adaptations.
| Dictionary: Indiana, Robert |
American pop artist known for his "Love" theme in paintings and sculpture.
Wikipedia:
Robert Indiana |
| Robert Indiana | |
|---|---|
 Robert Indiana Working in Maine (Photo: Charles Rotmil) |
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| Born | Robert Clark September 13, 1928 New Castle, Indiana, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Artist, Theatrical set designer and Costume designer |
Robert Indiana (b. September 13, 1928) is an American artist associated with the Pop Art movement.
Life and work
Robert Indiana was born Robert Clark in New Castle, Indiana. His family relocated to Indianapolis, where he graduated from Arsenal Technical High School. He moved to New York City in 1954 and joined the pop art movement, using distinctive imagery drawing on commercial art approaches blended with existentialism, that gradually moved toward what Indiana calls "sculptural poems".
In 1962, Eleanor Ward's Stable Gallery hosted Robert Indiana's first New York solo exhibition. He has since enjoyed solo exhibitions at over 30 museums and galleries worldwide. Indiana's works are in the permanent collections of numerous museums, including Museum of Modern Art, New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; Stedelijk Museum, Schiedam, The Netherlands; Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh; Detroit Institute of Art, Michigan; Baltimore Museum of Art, Maryland; Brandeis Museum, Waltham, Massachusetts; Albright-Knox Gallery of Art, Buffalo, New York; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, California, the Hirshhorn Museum in Washington D.C.; Institute of Contemporary Art, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and the Los Angeles County Museum, California, among many many others.[1]
Indiana's work often consists of bold, simple, iconic images, especially numbers and short words like EAT, HUG, and, his best known example, LOVE.
Indiana's iconic work LOVE was first created for a Christmas card for the Museum of Modern Art in 1964 and later was included on an eight-cent United States Postal Service postage stamp in 1973, the first of their regular series of "love stamps." Sculptural versions of the image have been installed at numerous American and international locations. In 1977 he created a Hebrew version with the four letter word Ahava (אהבה "love" in Hebrew) using Cor-ten steel, for the Israel Museum Art Garden in Jerusalem, Israel.
In 2008, Indiana created an image similar to his iconic LOVE (letters tacked two to a line, the letter "o" tilted on its side), but this time showcasing the word "HOPE," and donated all proceeds from the sale of reproductions of his image to Democrat Barack Obama's presidential campaign, Raising in excess of $1,000,000. A stainless steel sculpture of HOPE was unveiled outside Denver's Pepsi Center during the 2008 Democratic National Convention. The Obama campaign sold T-shirts, pins, bumper stickers, posters, pins and other items adorned with HOPE. Editions of the sculpture have been released and sold internationally and the artist himself has called HOPE "Love's close relative".[2]
Other well-known works by Indiana including: his painting the unique basketball court formerly used by the Milwaukee Bucks in that city's U.S. Cellular Arena, with a large M shape taking up each half of the court; his sculpture in the lobby of Taipei 101, called 1-0 (2002, aluminum), uses multicoloured numbers to suggest the conduct of world trade and the patterns of human life;[3] and the works he created in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks and exhibited in New York in 2004 called the Peace Paintings.[4]
Indiana has lived as a resident in the island town of Vinalhaven, Maine since 1978. Indiana has been a theatrical set and costume designer, such as the 1976 production by the Santa Fe Opera of Virgil Thomson's The Mother of Us All, based on the life of suffragist Susan B. Anthony. He was the star of Andy Warhol's film Eat (1964), which is a 45-minute film of Indiana eating a mushroom in his SoHo loft.
References
- ^ Spaightwood Galleries website: Robert Indiana page
- ^ Associated Press article: "New Castle native Robert Indiana creates HOPE image for Obama"
- ^ Publicly posted material, Floor 89, Taipei 101. 2007-08-17.
- ^ New York Times May 21, 2004: "ART IN REVIEW: "Robert Indiana - Peace Paintings
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Robert Indiana |
- American Dream: Collaboration with American poet Robert Creeley at 2River
- Smithsonian Museum of American Art
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