If you are refering to Chinese abacus their earliest rudimentary design of abacus has 1/4 rod beads (quite similar to the later Japanese soroban abacus). Various other types of abacus design were also seen afterwards, but the advance type of 2/5 rod beads became standard and classic. Afterwards, the basic 1/5 rod beads particularly became the type of basic design.
The Roman abacus may be not connected to the Chinese abacus.