| Rosa rugosa | |
|---|---|
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| Rosa rugosa flower | |
| Conservation status | |
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Secure
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Magnoliophyta |
| Class: | Magnoliopsida |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | Rosa |
| Species: | R. rugosa |
| Binomial name | |
| Rosa rugosa Thunb. |
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Rosa rugosa (rugosa rose, Japanese rose, or Ramanas rose) is a species of rose native to eastern Asia, in northeastern China, Japan, Korea and southeastern Siberia, where it grows on the coast, often on sand dunes.
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Vernacular names
In Japanese, it is called hamanasu (ハマナス), meaning "shore pear". In Korean, the species is called haedanghwa (해당화, 海棠花), literally "flowers near seashore".[1]
Features
It is a suckering shrub which develops new plants from the roots and forms dense thickets 1–1.50 m tall with stems densely covered in numerous short, straight thorns 3-10 mm long. The leaves are 8–15 cm long, pinnate with 5–9 leaflets, most often 7, each leaflet 3–4 cm long, with a distinctly corrugated (rugose, hence the species' name) surface. The flowers are pleasantly scented, dark pink to white, 6–9 cm across, with somewhat wrinkled petals; flowering is from summer to autumn (June to September in the northern hemisphere).
The hips are large, 2–3 cm diameter, and often shorter than their diameter, not elongated like most other rose hips; in late summer and early autumn the plants often bear fruit and flowers at the same time. The leaves typically turn bright yellow before falling in autumn.
Cultivation and uses
Rugosa rose is widely used as an ornamental plant. It has been introduced to numerous areas of Europe and North America. It has many common names, several of which refer to the fruit's resemblance to a tomato, including beach tomato or sea tomato; saltspray rose and beach rose are others.
The sweetly scented flowers are used to make pot-pourri in Japan and China, where it has been cultivated for about a thousand years.
This species hybridises readily with many other roses, and is valued by rose breeders for its considerable resistance to the diseases rose rust and rose black spot. It is also extremely tolerant of seaside salt spray and storms, commonly being the first shrub in from the coast. It is widely used in landscaping, being relatively tough and trouble-free. Needing little maintenance, it is suitable for planting in large numbers; its salt-tolerance makes it useful for planting beside roads which need deicing with salt regularly.
Numerous cultivars have been selected for garden use, with flower colour varying from white to dark red-purple, and with semi-double to double flowers where some or all of the stamens are replaced by extra petals. Popular examples include 'Fru Dagmar Hastrup' (pink, single), 'Pink Grootendorst' (pink, semi-double), 'Blanc Double du Coubert' (white, double) and the more common 'Roseraie de L’Hay' (pink, double), which is often used for its very successful rootstock and its ornamental rose hips.
Gallery
 Single pink rugosa rose, similar to the wild type |
 Single white rugosa rose |
 Rugosa rose hips resemble tomatoes |
 A double-flowered cultivar |
References
- Biological Flora of the British Isles Rosa rugosa
- Flora of China: Rosa rugosa
- hort.net profile Rosa rugosa
- Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan.
- ^ "Haedanghwa (해당화)" (in Korean). Korea National Arboretum. http://www.nature.go.kr/plant/plantGuide/results/view.jsp?name_id=13169&returnUrl=%2Fplant%2FplantGuide%2Fsearch%2Fgeneral.jsp%3Fplant_name%3D%C7%D8%B4%E7%C8%AD%26size%3D10%26init_check%3DY%26start%3D1%26selLang%3DK. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
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