Rosales

(botany) A morphologically diffuse order of dicotyledonous plants in the subclass Rosidae.

An order of flowering plants in the eurosid I group of the rosid eudicots. Recently on the basis of DNA sequence studies the number of families was greatly reduced and changed. The order as now recognized contains only 11 families, many of which are small. Many families in this order are wind-pollinated (the former Urticales) and exhibit the typical syndrome of small petalless flowers with dangling anthers, whereas the other families are insect-pollinated with large, showy flowers in which the carpels are sometimes free. See also Flower; Magnoliophyta; Magnoliopsida; Pollination.

The largest family is Rosaceae with nearly 3000 species. The great number of economically important trees, shrubs, and herbs in this family include apples (Malus), pears (Pyrus), almonds, cherries, plums, and prunes (Prunus), strawberries (Fragaria), blackberries, raspberries, and their relatives (Rubus), as well as many minor fruits. Many are grown as ornamental plants, including roses (Rosa), avens (Geum), cinquefoil (Potentilla), firethorn (Pyracantha), redbush (Photinia), and spirea (Spiraea). See also Almond; Apple; Blackberry; Cherry; Pear; Plum; Raspberry; Strawberry.

The second-largest family, Rhamnaceae (900 species), includes mostly woody species (shrubs and trees) that differ from Rosaceae in having fused carpels and only five stamens (rather than many) that are placed in the same position as the petals. A number of species in Rhamnaceae are of minor economic importance as timbers, some are of medicinal use or as dyes, and one is a minor fruit crop, the jujube (Zizyphus). A few are ornamentals, such as Ceanothus and Colletia.

Of the families formerly placed in Urticales, the largest are Moraceae (950 species) and Urticaceae (700 species). Many of these are large forest trees, but some are forest herbs and weeds. In Moraceae, many species are sources of timber and fruit, including figs (Ficus), mulberries (Morus), and breadfruits (Artocarpus). In Urticaceae, fiber-producing species are common, including hemp (Cannabis), ramie or China grass (Boehmeria), and bast-fiber (Urtica). Ulmaceae and Celtidaceae are small families of north temperate forest trees, many of which provide useful timbers, including elm (Ulmus), hackberries (Celtis), and Zelkova. See also Elm; Fiber crops; Fig; Hackberry; Hemp; Mulberry; Ramie.

The noun has one meaning:

Meaning #1: in some classifications this category does not include Leguminosae
  Synonym: order Rosales

Rosales
Cherry fruit Prunus avium
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Rosales Perleb
Families
Barbeyaceae Cannabaceae (hemp family) Dirachmaceae Elaeagnaceae (oleaster/Russian olive family) Moraceae (mulberry family) Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family) Rosaceae (rose family) Ulmaceae (elm family) Urticaceae (nettle family)
Synonyms
Rhamnales Rosanae Urticales[1]

For other meanings, see Rosales (disambiguation).

Rosales is an order of flowering plants, including nine families, the type family being the rose family Rosaceae. These nine families (see box, right) are those shown by the genetic analysis carried out by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group to be related to each other. Their analysis showed that the old Cronquist system order of Urticales belongs within the Rosales. In the APG classification, well-known members of Rosales include: roses; strawberries, blackberries and raspberries; apples and pears; plums, peaches and apricots; almonds; rowan and hawthorn; elms; figs; nettles; and hops and cannabis. Apart from the Rosaceae itself, this is a complete change from the circumscription of the Rosales in the Cronquist system, listed below; these families have been removed to various other orders. The currently accepted family and/or order is shown in brackets:

• Alseuosmiaceae (Asterales)
• Anisophylleaceae (Cucurbitales)
• Brunelliaceae (Oxalidales)
• Bruniaceae (family unplaced in Euasterids II)
• Byblidaceae (Lamiales)
• Cephalotaceae (Oxalidales)
• Chrysobalanaceae (Malpighiales)
• Columelliaceae (family unplaced in Euasterids II)
• Connaraceae (Oxalidales)
• Crassulaceae (Saxifragales)
• Crossosomataceae (Crossosomatales)
• Cunoniaceae (Oxalidales)
• Davidsoniaceae (Cunoniaceae, Oxalidales)
• Dialypetalanthaceae (Rubiaceae, Gentianales)
• Eucryphiaceae (Cunoniaceae, Oxalidales)
• Greyiaceae (Melianthaceae, Geraniales)
• Grossulariaceae (Saxifragales)
• Hydrangeaceae (Cornales)
• Neuradaceae (Malvales)
• Pittosporaceae (Apiales)
• Rhabdodendraceae (Caryophyllales)
• Rosaceae
• Saxifragaceae (Saxifragales)
• Surianaceae (Fabales)

References

1. ^ UniProt. "Order Rosales" (HTML). http://beta.uniprot.org/taxonomy/3744. Retrieved 2008-04-24. 

External links

• Rosales - Plant Life Forms
• Information related to Rosales from Wikispecies.

• Media related to Rosales at Wikimedia Commons
• Rosales (TSN 24057). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved on 24 April 2008.

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