rose
Top
(rōz) 
n.
rose2 (rōz)
v.
Past tense of rise.
n.
- A member of the rose family.
- Any of numerous shrubs or vines of the genus Rosa, having prickly stems, pinnately compound leaves, and variously colored, often fragrant flowers.
- The flower of any of these plants.
- Any of various similar or related plants.
- A dark pink to moderate red.
- An ornament, such as a decorative knot, resembling a rose in form; a rosette.
- A perforated nozzle for spraying water from a hose or sprinkling can.
- A form of gem cut marked by a flat base and a faceted, hemispheric upper surface.
- A gem, especially a diamond, cut in this manner.
- A rose window.
- A compass card or its representation, as on a map.
- roses That which is marked by favor, success, or ease of execution: Directing this play has been all roses since the new producer took over.
- Of the color rose.
- Relating to, containing, or used for roses.
- Scented or flavored with or as if with roses.
come up roses
- To result favorably or successfully: Those were difficult times but now everything's coming up roses.
- Sub rosa.
[Middle English, from Old English, from Latin rosa.]
WORD HISTORY It is etymologically correct to drink a julep while watching the Run for the Roses. The English word rose comes from Latin and Old French. Latin rosa may be an Etruscan form of Greek Rhodia, "Rhodian, originating from Rhodes." The Attic Greek word for rose is rhodon, and in Sappho's Aeolic dialect of Greek it is wrodon. In Avestan, the language of the Persian prophet Zoroaster, "rose" is varəda and in Armenian vard, words both related to the Aeolic form. The Modern Persian word for "rose" is gul (which, believe it or not, is descended from a form quite similar to varəda through a series of regular sound changes); and gul-āb is "rose-water." Gulāb is also a drink made of water and honey or syrup. The name of this Persian treat was borrowed into Arabic as julāb and then, through Spanish and French, became julep in English, the ambrosia for sipping on Derby Day.
rose2 (rōz)
v.
Past tense of rise.
Top
(click to enlarge)
Prairie rose (Rosa setigera). (credit: John H. Gerard)
Prairie rose (Rosa setigera). (credit: John H. Gerard)
For more information on rose, visit Britannica.com.
Top
Medieval and later poets constantly used the red rose to symbolize sexual love, pleasure, and woman's beauty; these meanings are still well understood, e.g. red roses are given to a woman, paper rose petals are thrown as confetti. It was also a medieval custom to wear coronets of roses (or other blossoms) as festive adornments; this survives as the bridal wreath. However, this flower rarely figures in folk customs, presumably because its period of blooming is so short; the only magical belief about it was that if a girl picks a rose on Midsummer Eve, wraps it up, and finds it unfaded on Christmas Eve, her lover is true (Opie and Tatem, 1989: 332). Nowadays, roses are thought appropriate to all forms of love; they may be laid on a coffin, a rose bush planted as a memorial to the dead, etc.
A metal plate attached to the face of a door, around the shaft for the doorknob; sometimes acts as a bearing surface for the knob.
Top
rose, common name for some members of the Rosaceae, a large family of herbs, shrubs, and trees distributed over most of the earth, and for plants of the genus Rosa, the true roses.
The Rose Family
The family is especially abundant in E Asia, Europe, and North America, where species of almost half of the family's genera are indigenous, especially in the Pacific coastal area. Many of the Rosaceae are thorny, and most are characterized by the presence of stipules on the leaf, by flowers having five sets of parts, by a fleshy fruit, such as a rose hip or an apple, that is derived in large part from a cup-shaped enlargement of the flower stalk, and by the near absence of endosperm in the seed.
Although some groups of these plants are sometimes classed as separate families, most botanists consider them all to be a single family that represents a natural phylogenetic classification, i.e., most or all members have evolved from common ancestors. The largest of the approximately 110 genera (comprising a total of some 3,100 species) are Rubus (including the raspberry, blackberry, dewberry, loganberry, and other types of bramble), Spiraea (including the bridal wreath, meadowsweet, and hardhack), Rosa (the true roses), Crataegus (hawthorn), and Prunus (including the almond, apricot, blackthorn or sloe, cherry, nectarine, peach, and plum).
Economically the rose family is of enormous importance. It provides numerous temperate fruits including (besides species of Rubus and Prunus) the apple, loquat, medlar, pear, quince, and strawberry. The typically fragrant and beautiful flowers make many members of the family prized as ornamentals, e.g., the fruit trees and bushes mentioned and also the antelope brush, Christmasberry, mountain ash, pyracantha, and shadbush. Many genera have species that are native wildflowers of the United States; in addition to many of those above are Agrimonia (agrimony), Potentilla (cinquefoil), and Sanguisorba (burnet), which are also sometimes cultivated.
The True Roses
The most popular ornamentals of the family, and among the most esteemed of all cultivated plants, are the true roses. Rosa occurs indigenously in the north temperate zone and in tropical mountain areas, usually as erect or climbing shrubs with five-petaled fragrant flowers. Sometimes the foliage also is fragrant, as in the European sweetbrier, or eglantine. From many of the wild species have been developed the large number of cultivated varieties and hybrids having single or double blossoms that range in color from white and yellow to many shades of pink and red. Since many species are highly variable and hybridize easily, the classification of Rosa is sometimes difficult, and the wild type of some modern forms is not always known.
The rose has been a favorite flower in many lands since prehistoric times. It appears in the earliest art, poetry, and tradition. It has been used in innumerable ways in decoration. In ancient times it was used medically-Pliny lists 32 remedies made of its petals and leaves. Formerly it was eaten in salads and conserves. It was sacred to Aphrodite and was a favorite flower of the Romans, who spread its culture wherever their armies conquered. Among the old species are the cabbage rose and the damask rose, both native to the Caucasus; the latter especially is cultivated for the perfume oil attar of roses. The famous roses of England include the white rose that was the emblem of the house of York and the red rose of the house of Lancaster in the Wars of the Roses. The rambler rose, frequently grown on trellises and porches, and the tea and hybrid tea roses are of more recent origin, the result of modern rose culture, which really began when the East India Company's ships brought new everblooming or monthly roses from the Orient.
The rose is the emblem of England and the national flower of the United States. It is the official flower of New York state; the wild rose, of Iowa; the prairie rose, of North Dakota; and the American Beauty, of the District of Columbia. Practical uses of roses, besides their importance as a source of perfume, include a delicate-flavored jelly made from the fruits, called rose hips, of some wild species. Thorny rambling roses, such as the Oriental multiflora rose, are much used as hedge and erosion control plants in agriculture, highway landscaping, and wildlife preserves.
Classification
Roses are classified in the division Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida, order Rosales, family Rosaceae.
Bibliography
See the American Rose Annual, issued by the American Rose Society; R. Genders, The Rose: A Complete Handbook (1965); S. M. Gault and P. M. Synge, The Dictionary of Roses in Color (1971).
In ancient Rome, the rose, the flower of Venus, was the badge of the sacred prostitutes. The rose additionally symbolized silence. Eros, in Greek mythology, presents a rose to the god of silence. Things spoken under the rose or sub rosa were the secrets of Venus' sexual mysteries, later generalized to refer to keeping any secret. The use of red and white roses symbolized the sexually active and virginal goddess respectively and set the stage for the later Christian sexual symbolism possessed by the rose. That symbolism survives today in the predominate use of roses at weddings and as gifts for Valentine's Day.
In Christian Rome it was the custom to bless the rose on a certain Sunday, called Rose Sunday. The custom of blessing the golden rose came into vogue about the eleventh century. The golden rose thus consecrated was given to princes as a mark of the Roman pontiffs' favor. The Christian use of the older rose symbolism achieved its most artistic expression in the rose windows of the medieval cathedrals.
In the East, it was believed that the first rose was generated by a tear of the prophet Mohammed, and it was further believed that on a certain day in the year the rose had a heart of gold.
In the west of Scotland, if a white rose bloomed in autumn it was a token of an early marriage. The red rose, it was said, would not bloom over a grave. If a young girl had several lovers and wished to know which of them would be her husband, she would take a rose leaf for each of her sweethearts, and, naming each leaf after one of her lovers, she would watch them until one after another they sank, and the last to sink would be her future husband.
Rose leaves thrown upon a fire gave good luck. If a rose bush was pruned on St. John's Eve, it would bloom again in the autumn. Superstitions respecting the rose are more numerous in England than in Scotland.
The rose became a prominent symbol in occultism at the beginning of the modern age. It appeared on the family crest of Martin Luther, seemingly the ultimate source of the Rosicrucians ' juxtaposition of the rose and cross. Earlier it had been used in the symbolism of alchemy. Both pagan and Christian folklore cites the rose as a symbol of regeneration and love.
Sources:
Walker, Barbara. The Woman's Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1983.
Wilkins, Eithne. The Rose-Garden Game. London: Victor Gallancz, 1969.
Top
- A plant of the genus Rosa.
- A nozzle attached to a watering can to produce a soft spray of water.
Top
The rose symbolizes femininity, beauty, love, and romance. Roses also have profound spiritual significance, representing good and evil, life and death. The colors of the petals are also symbolic: white is purity, red is passion, pink is romance, black is death.
Top
Random House Word Menu:
Top
categories related to 'rose'
- Shrubs
- Flowering Plants
- Wines
- Smells - rose: (adj) sweetly scented like a rose
- Affectionate Reference
- Pink
See crossword solutions for the clue
Top
For other uses, see Rose (disambiguation).
| Rose | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Rosa rubiginosa | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Subfamily: | Rosoideae |
| Genus: | Rosa L. |
| Species | |
| Synonyms | |
|
|
A rose is a woody perennial of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae. There are over 100 species. They form a group of erect shrubs, and climbing or trailing plants, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles. Flowers are large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds. Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwest Africa. Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and fragrance. Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach 7 meters in height. Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.[1]
The name rose comes from French, itself from Latin rosa, which was perhaps borrowed from Oscan, from Greek ρόδον rhodon (Aeolic βρόδον wrodon), related to Old Persian wrd-, Avestan varəda, Sogdian ward, Parthian wâr, Armenian vard.[2][3]
|
Contents
|
Botany
The leaves are borne alternately on the stem. In most species they are 5 to 15 centimetres (2.0 to 5.9 in) long, pinnate, with (3–) 5–9 (–13) leaflets and basal stipules; the leaflets usually have a serrated margin, and often a few small prickles on the underside of the stem. Most roses are deciduous but a few (particularly from South east Asia) are evergreen or nearly so.
The flowers of most species have five petals, with the exception of Rosa sericea, which usually has only four. Each petal is divided into two distinct lobes and is usually white or pink, though in a few species yellow or red. Beneath the petals are five sepals (or in the case of some Rosa sericea, four). These may be long enough to be visible when viewed from above and appear as green points alternating with the rounded petals. There are multiple superior ovaries that develop into achenes.[4] Roses are insect-pollinated in nature.
The aggregate fruit of the rose is a berry-like structure called a rose hip. Many of the domestic cultivars do not produce hips, as the flowers are so tightly petalled that they do not provide access for pollination. The hips of most species are red, but a few (e.g. Rosa pimpinellifolia) have dark purple to black hips. Each hip comprises an outer fleshy layer, the hypanthium, which contains 5–160 "seeds" (technically dry single-seeded fruits called achenes) embedded in a matrix of fine, but stiff, hairs. Rose hips of some species, especially the Dog Rose (Rosa canina) and Rugosa Rose (Rosa rugosa), are very rich in vitamin C, among the richest sources of any plant. The hips are eaten by fruit-eating birds such as thrushes and waxwings, which then disperse the seeds in their droppings. Some birds, particularly finches, also eat the seeds.
While the sharp objects along a rose stem are commonly called "thorns", they are technically prickles — outgrowths of the epidermis (the outer layer of tissue of the stem). (True thorns, as produced by e.g. Citrus or Pyracantha, are modified stems, which always originate at a node and which have nodes and internodes along the length of the thorn itself.) Rose prickles are typically sickle-shaped hooks, which aid the rose in hanging onto other vegetation when growing over it. Some species such as Rosa rugosa and Rosa pimpinellifolia have densely packed straight spines, probably an adaptation to reduce browsing by animals, but also possibly an adaptation to trap wind-blown sand and so reduce erosion and protect their roots (both of these species grow naturally on coastal sand dunes). Despite the presence of prickles, roses are frequently browsed by deer. A few species of roses have only vestigial prickles that have no points.
Species
Further information: List of Rosa species
The genus Rosa is subdivided into four subgenera:
- Hulthemia (formerly Simplicifoliae, meaning "with single leaves") containing one or two species from southwest Asia, R. persica and Rosa berberifolia which are the only roses without compound leaves or stipules.
- Hesperrhodos (from the Greek for "western rose") contains Rosa minutifolia and Rosa stellata, from North America.
- Platyrhodon (from the Greek for "flaky rose", referring to flaky bark) with one species from east Asia, Rosa roxburghii.
- Rosa (the type subgenus) containing all the other roses. This subgenus is subdivided into 11 sections.
- Banksianae - white and yellow flowered roses from China.
- Bracteatae - three species, two from China and one from India.
- Caninae - pink and white flowered species from Asia, Europe and North Africa.
- Carolinae - white, pink, and bright pink flowered species all from North America.
- Chinensis - white, pink, yellow, red and mixed-color roses from China and Burma.
- Gallicanae - pink to crimson and striped flowered roses from western Asia and Europe.
- Gymnocarpae - one species in western North America (Rosa gymnocarpa), others in east Asia.
- Laevigatae - a single white flowered species from China
- Pimpinellifoliae - white, pink, bright yellow, mauve and striped roses from Asia and Europe.
- Rosa (syn. sect. Cinnamomeae) - white, pink, lilac, mulberry and red roses from everywhere but North Africa.
- Synstylae - white, pink, and crimson flowered roses from all areas.
Uses
Roses are best known as ornamental plants grown for their flowers in the garden and sometimes indoors. They have been also used for commercial perfumery and commercial cut flower crops. Some are used as landscape plants, for hedging and for other utilitarian purposes such as game cover and slope stabilization. They also have minor medicinal uses.
Ornamental plants
Main article: Garden roses
The majority of ornamental roses are hybrids that were bred for their flowers. A few, mostly species roses are grown for attractive or scented foliage (such as Rosa glauca and Rosa rubiginosa), ornamental thorns (such as Rosa sericea) or for their showy fruit (such as Rosa moyesii).
Ornamental roses have been cultivated for millennia, with the earliest known cultivation known to date from at least 500 BC in Mediterranean countries, Persia, and China.[5] Many thousands of rose hybrids and cultivars have been bred and selected for garden use as flowering plants. Most are double-flowered with many or all of the stamens having mutated into additional petals.
In the early 19th century the Empress Josephine of France patronized the development of rose breeding at her gardens at Malmaison. As long ago as 1840 a collection numbering over one thousand different cultivars, varieties and species was possible when a rosarium was planted by Loddiges nursery for Abney Park Cemetery, an early Victorian garden cemetery and arboretum in England.
A few species and hybrids are grown for non-floral ornamental use. Among these are those grown for prominent hips, such as the flagon shaped hips of Rosa moyesii. Sometimes even the thorns can be treated as an attraction or curiosity, such as with Rosa sericea.
Cut flowers
Roses are a popular crop for both domestic and commercial cut flowers. Generally they are harvested and cut when in bud, and held in refrigerated conditions until ready for display at their point of sale.
In temperate climates, cut roses are often grown in glasshouses, and in warmer countries they may also be grown under cover in order to ensure that the flowers are not damaged by weather and that pests and disease control can be carried out effectively. Significant quantities are grown in some tropical countries, and these are shipped by air to markets across the world.[6]
Perfume
Rose perfumes are made from attar of roses or rose oil, which is a mixture of volatile essential oils obtained by steam distilling the crushed petals of roses. An associated product is rose water which is used for cooking, cosmetics, medicine and in religious practices. The production technique originated in Persia then spread through Arabia and India, and more recently into eastern Europe. In Bulgaria, Iran and Germany, damask roses (Rosa damascena 'Trigintipetala') are used. In other parts of the world Rosa centifolia is commonly used. The oil is transparent pale yellow or yellow-grey in colour. 'Rose Absolute' is solvent-extracted with hexane and produces a darker oil, dark yellow to orange in colour. The weight of oil extracted is about one three-thousandth to one six-thousandth of the weight of the flowers; for example, about two thousand flowers are required to produce one gram of oil.
The main constituents of attar of roses are the fragrant alcohols geraniol and l-citronellol; and rose camphor, an odourless paraffin. β-Damascenone is also a significant contributor to the scent.
Food and drink
Rose hips are occasionally made into jam, jelly, and marmalade, or are brewed for tea, primarily for their high vitamin C content. They are also pressed and filtered to make rose hip syrup. Rose hips are also used to produce Rose hip seed oil, which is used in skin products and some makeup products.[citation needed]
Rose petals or flower buds are sometimes used to flavour ordinary tea. Sometimes they may be used as the sole plant material in herbal teas.
In France there is much use of rose syrup, most commonly made from an extract of rose petals. In the United States, this French rose syrup is used to make rose scones and marshmallows.[citation needed]
Rose flowers are used as food, also usually as flavouring or to add their scent to food. [7] Other minor uses include candied rose petals. [8]
Rose Creams (rose flavoured fondant enrobed in chocolate, often topped with a crystallised rose petal) are a traditional English confectionery widely available from numerous producers in the UK.[9][10]
Rose water, made as a byproduct of rose oil production, is widely used in Asian and Middle Eastern cuisine.
Medicine
The rose hip, usually from R. canina is used as a minor source of Vitamin C. The fruits of many species have significant levels of vitamins and have been used as a food supplement. Many roses have been used in herbal and folk medicines. Rosa chinensis has long been used in Chinese traditional medicine. This and other species have been used for stomach problems, and are being investigated for controlling cancer growth.[11]
Culture
Art
Roses are a favored subject in art and therefore used in various artistic disciplines. They appear in portraits, illustrations, on stamps, as ornaments or as architectural elements. The Luxembourg born Belgian artist and botanist Pierre-Joseph Redouté is known for his detailed watercolours of flowers, particularly roses.
Henri Fantin-Latour was also a prolific painter of still life, particularly flowers including roses. The Rose 'Fantin-Latour' was named after the artist.
Other impressionists including Claude Monet, Paul Cézanne and Pierre-Auguste Renoir have paintings of roses among their works.
Symbolism
Further information: Rose (symbolism)
The long cultural history of the rose has led to it being used often as a symbol.
Pests and diseases
Main articles: Pests and diseases of roses and List of rose diseases
Wild roses are host plants for a number of pests and diseases. Many of these are also shared with other plants, including especially other genera of the Rosaceae.
Cultivated roses are often subject to severe damage from insect, arachnid and fungal pests and diseases. In many cases they cannot be usefully grown without regular treatment to control these problems.
See also
- Rose
- rose (color)
- rose (name)
References
- ^ "rose (plant) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. 2007-11-19. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/509710/rose. Retrieved 2009-12-07.
- ^ American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, s.v. "rose."
- ^ Iranica.com
- ^ Mabberley, D.J. 1997. The plant book: A portable dictionary of the vascular plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- ^ Jack Goody. The culture of flowers. Cambridge University Press, 1993
- ^ [www.foodnet.cgiar.org/market/Uganda/reports/Roses.PDF FOODNET Uganda 2009. Commercialisation bulletin: Fresh cut roses]
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ [3]
- ^ [4]
- ^ http://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Rosa%20chinensis
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rosa |
 |
Wikispecies has information related to: Rosa |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Roses |
- World Federation of Rose Societies
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Rose". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
|
||||||||
|
|||||||
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
Translations:
Top
Rose
Dansk (Danish)
n. - [bot.] rose, rosenbusk
adj. - rosen-
idioms:
- coming up roses blive til guld
- not a bed of roses ikke en dans på roser
- rose bush rosenbusk
- rose hip [bot.] hyben
- rose water rosenvand
- rose window rosevindue
- see through rose-coloured spectacles se alt i et rosenrødt skær
- under the rose i al fortrolighed
Nederlands (Dutch)
roos, gerezen
Français (French)
n. - rose, rosier, rose (la couleur), pomme d'arrosoir, pomme de douche, pierre taillée en rose, (Archit) rosace, une Anglaise au teint de porcelaine, rose (l'emblème)
adj. - rose
v. tr. - se lever/se relever (à l'imparfait/au participe passé)
idioms:
- come up roses tout se passe merveilleusement bien
- rose bush rosier
- rose hip gratte-cul, cynorhodon
- rose water eau de rose
- rose window rosace
- under the rose en confidence
Deutsch (German)
n. - Rose, Rosa
v. - rosa färben
adj. - rosa
idioms:
- come up roses bestens
- rose bush Rosenstrauch
- rose hip (Bot.) Hagebutte
- rose water Rosenwasser
- rose window Fensterrose
- under the rose im geheimen
Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - ρόδο, τριαντάφυλλο, τριανταφυλλιά, (αρχιτ.) ρόδακας, ροζέτα
v. - δίνω ρόδινο χρώμα
idioms:
- coming up roses όλα πάνε μια χαρά
- not a bed of roses καθόλου εύκολο ή άνετο
- rose bush τριανταφυλλιά
- rose hip καρπός ροδόδεντρου
- rose water ροδόνερο
- rose window (αρχιτ.) ρόδακας, ροζέτα
- see through rose-coloured spectacles τα βλέπω όλα ροζ
- under the rose εμπιστευτικά
idioms:
- coming up roses riuscire nel modo migliore
- not a bed of roses non è un letto di rose
- rose bush cespuglio di rose
- rose hip rosa canina
- rose water acqua di rose
- rose window rosone
- under the rose in segreto
Português (Portuguese)
n. - rosa (f), cor-de-rosa (f)
v. - rosar
idioms:
- coming up roses ficando melhor
- not a bed of roses não é um mar de rosas
- rose bush roseira
- rose hip fruto da roseira
- rose water água de rosas
- rose window rosácea
- see through rose-coloured spectacles otimista
- under the rose secretamente
idioms:
- coming up roses закончиться благополучно
- not a bed of roses не фонтан, трудно
- rose bush розовый куст
- rose hip лепесток розы
- rose water духи из роз
- rose window окно-розетка
- see through rose-coloured spectacles смотреть через розовые очки
- under the rose по секрету, конфиденциально
Español (Spanish)
n. - rosal, rosa
adj. - de color de rosa
v. intr. - ruborizarse
idioms:
- come up roses todo está saliendo a pedir de boca, resultar como estaba planeado
- rose bush rosal
- rose hip escaramujo
- rose water agua de rosas
- rose window rosetón
- under the rose en confidencia, en secreto
Svenska (Swedish)
n. - ros, rosenrött, kompassros
v. - reste sig
中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
蔷薇花, 玫瑰花, 红润的脸色, 玫瑰色, 玫瑰红, 玫瑰香, 蔷薇花的, 玫瑰花的, 玫瑰花香的, 玫瑰色的
idioms:
- coming up roses 顺利, 结果良好
- not a bed of roses 不是称心如意的境遇
- rose bush 玫瑰丛, 蔷薇丛
- rose hip 野玫瑰果
- rose water 玫瑰香水, 奉承话
- rose window 圆花窗
- see through rose-coloured spectacles 乐观地看待
- under the rose 秘密地, 私下地
中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 薔薇花, 玫瑰花, 紅潤的臉色, 玫瑰色, 玫瑰紅, 玫瑰香
adj. - 薔薇花的, 玫瑰花的, 玫瑰花香的, 玫瑰色的
idioms:
- coming up roses 順利, 結果良好
- not a bed of roses 不是稱心如意的境遇
- rose bush 玫瑰叢, 薔薇叢
- rose hip 野玫瑰果
- rose water 玫瑰香水, 奉承話
- rose window 圓花窗
- see through rose-coloured spectacles 樂觀地看待
- under the rose 秘密地, 私下地
한국어 (Korean)
n. - 장미 , 장미빛, 안락한 환경
adj. - 장미빛의, 담홍색의
idioms:
- under the rose 비밀히, 몰래
日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 女子名, バラ, バラ属の各種植物, ばら模様, ばら花飾り, ばら色, バラの香り, ローズ形, 散水口, バラの花
adj. - ばら色の, バラの香りのする
v. - ばら色にする, ばら色に染める
idioms:
- rose bush バラの木
- rose hip バラの実
- rose water ばら水, お世辞
- rose window バラ窓, 円花窓
العربيه (Arabic)
(الاسم) وردة (فعل) يجعله ورديا
עברית (Hebrew)
n. - שושנה, ורד, ורוד, ראש מזלף, משפך, דבר דמוי-ורד, צרור סרטים, תנאים טובים, לוח עגול על התקרה בו עוברים חוטי החשמל, יהלום ורוד, אדם או דבר מצויין, "שושנה בין החוחים" - אישה יפה
adj. - ורוד
If you are unable to view some languages clearly, click here.
Best of Web:
Top
rose
Post a question - any question - to the WikiAnswers community:
Copyrights:
American Heritage Dictionary
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Read more
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 1994-2012 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more
Oxford Dictionary of English Folklore
A Dictionary of English Folklore. Copyright © 2000, 2003 by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
Read more
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture & Construction
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. Copyright © 2003 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Read more
Columbia Encyclopedia
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/.
Read more
Gale Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology
Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology. Copyright © 2001 by The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
Read more
Taylor's Dictionary for Gardeners
Taylor's Dictionary for Gardeners, by Frances Tenenbaum. Copyright © 1997 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Read more
The Dream Encyclopedia
The Dreams Encyclopedia. 1995 ©Visible Ink Press (VisibleInkPress.com). All rights reserved.
Read more
Oxford Dictionary of Modern Slang
Oxford University Press. © 1997, 2008, 2010
All rights reserved.
Read more
Random House Word Menu
© 2010 Write Brothers Inc. Word Menu is a registered trademark of the Estate of Stephen Glazier.
Write Brothers Inc.
All rights reserved.
Read more
Bradford's Crossword Solver's Dictionary
Collins Bradford's Crossword Solver's Dictionary © Anne Bradford, 1986, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2008
HarperCollins Publishers
All rights reserved.
Read more
Wikipedia on Answers.com
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article Rose.
Read more
