I believe that rote learning has to take place in one form or another for any kind of learning to happen. So there cannot be any kind of disadvantages of rote learning

learning by heart

Rote

Cognitive learning enhances critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and understanding of concepts, while rote learning focuses on memorization without deep comprehension. Cognitive learning promotes long-term retention and application of knowledge in various contexts, whereas rote learning may lead to surface-level understanding and difficulty in adapting to new or complex situations. Cognitive learning encourages active engagement and creativity in learning, fostering a deeper and more meaningful learning experience compared to rote learning.

rote learning