Rothschild
Rothschild (rŏth'chīld, Ger. rōt'shĭlt), prominent family of European bankers. The first important member was Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1743-1812), son of a money changer in the Jewish ghetto of Frankfurt, Germany. His first names are also spelled as Meyer and Anselm. It was he who laid the foundation of the family fortune by his skillful operations as financial agent for the landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (later Elector William I). His five sons were Amschel Mayer Rothschild (1773-1855), who remained at Frankfurt with his father; Salomon Rothschild (1774-1855), who established the Vienna branch of the family; Nathan Meyer Rothschild, who founded the London branch; Karl Rothschild (1788-1855), who established the Naples branch (discontinued in 1863 after the unification of Italy); and James Rothschild (1792-1868), who settled in Paris.
After the Napoleonic Wars the house of Rothschild attained increasing power, and in 1822 all five brothers were created barons by Emperor Francis I of Austria. Because of their position as creditor of many European governments, the Rothschilds were undoubtedly one of the world's chief financial powers in the 19th cent. Their banks played a major role in financing railroads and mines that made France an industrial power and the English branch financed the British government's acquisition of the Suez Canal. The improvement in state financing late in the century greatly reduced their influence.
The Frankfurt branch closed in 1901 when the last male heir of Amschel Mayer Rothschild died. The rise of the Nazis forced the family to give up its Viennese branch in 1938 and some family members fled to the United States during World War II. The Rothschilds remained involved in international investment banking, especially in London and Paris. The French government nationalized the Paris bank in 1981, but six years later David de Rothschild established a new company. He became chairman of both the British and French branches in 2003 when they were consolidated into a single holding company. Rothschild family members have traditionally maintained their Jewish faith and have consistently engaged in large-scale philanthropic activities for both Jews and non-Jews. Many later and contemporary members of the family distinguished themselves as patrons of the arts, sportsmen, writers, and doctors.
Bibliography
See F. Morton, The Rothschilds (1962); E. C. Corti, Rise of the House of Rothschild (1928, repr. 1972) and Reign of the House of Rothschild (1928); V. S. Cowles, The Rothschilds (1973); D. Wilson, Rothschild (1988); N. Ferguson, The House of Rothschild (2 vol., 1999); the memoirs of G. de Rothschild (1985).
American Heritage Dictionary:
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Roth·schild
German family of bankers, including Mayer Amschal (1744-1812), who founded a bank at Frankfurt am Main. His sons, most notably Salomon (1774-1855) and Nathan Mayer (1777-1836), established branches of the bank throughout Europe.
Dictionary of Cultural Literacy: History:
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Rothschilds
(rawths-cheyeldz, rawth-cheyeldz, roht-shilts)
A family of European financiers and bankers active since the eighteenth century. The Rothschilds had spectacular success in governmental finance in the nineteenth century, supporting, for example, the British against the French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. The family is spread through several nations to this day.
Wikipedia on Answers.com:
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Rothschild
This article is about the Rothschild surname. For other uses, see Rothschild (disambiguation).
Rothschild (German: [ˈʁoːt.ʃɪlt], approximately "Rote-shilt") is a common German surname. It is a habitational name from a house distinguished with a red shield (Middle High German rot (or roth)= "red" + schild = "shield"), the earliest recorded example dating from the 13th century. In English-speaking countries it is often pronounced as "Roth's child".
The German surname "Rothschild" is not related to the Scottish/Irish surname of "Rothchilds" from the United Kingdom.
The origin of the Rothschild Banking families begins in 1760, when Mayer Amschel Bauer changed his name from Bauer to Rothschild, after the red hexagram.
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Contents
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People
Rothschild banking families
Main article: Rothschild family
The most notable family with this surname are the descendants of Mayer Amschel Rothschild who formed a European financial dynasty that was during the 19th century perhaps the wealthiest family by the scale of their private fortune in modern history.
Other Rothschilds
The name is also the name of many Ashkenazi Jews, who are not related to the famous family:
- Abraham Rothschild
- Jean-Pierre de Rothschild, French astrophysicist turned impressionist painter, mother Diana von Rothschild
- Winston Rothschild, III (fictional character from The Red Green Show)
People in alphabetical order
A
- Abraham Rothschild
- Albert Salomon von Rothschild (1844–1911)
- Alfred de Rothschild (1842–1918)
- Alice Charlotte von Rothschild (1847–1922)
- Alphonse James de Rothschild (1827–1905)
- Amschel Mayor James Rothschild (1955–1996)
- Amschel Mayer Rothschild (1773–1855)
- Anselm von Rothschild (1803–1874)
- Anthony Gustav de Rothschild (1887–1961)
- Anthony James de Rothschild (b. 1977)
- Anthony Nathan de Rothschild (1810–1876)
- Ariane de Rothschild
B
- Benjamin de Rothschild
- Béatrice Ephrussi de Rothschild (1864-1934)
- Bethsabée de Rothschild (1914–1999)
C
- Carl Mayer von Rothschild born Calmann Mayer Rothschild (1788–1855)
- Charles Rothschild (1877–1923)
- Charlotte Henriette de Rothschild (b. 1955)
- Charlotte von Rothschild (1819–1884)
D
- David Mayer de Rothschild (b. 1978)
- David René de Rothschild (b. 1942)
- Dorothy de Rothschild (1895–1988)
- Dorothy Parker, (1893–1967) née Rothschild
E
- Edmond James de Rothschild (1845–1934)
- Edmond de Rothschild (1926-1997)
- Edmund Leopold de Rothschild (b. 1916)
- Elie de Rothschild (1917–2007)
- Elisabeth de Rothschild (1902–1945)
- Emma Georgina Rothschild (b. 1948)
- Eric Rothschild (lawyer for Kitzmiller in Kitzmiller vs. Dover School Board)
- Eva Rothschild (1972–) Irish Artist
- Evelina de Rothschild (1839–1866)
- Evelyn Achille de Rothschild (1886–1917)
- Sir Evelyn de Rothschild (b. 1931)
G
- Guy de Rothschild (1909–2007)
F
- Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild (1839–1898)
H
- Hannah de Rothschild, Countess of Rosebery (1851–1890)
J
- Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild (b. 1936)
- James Armand de Rothschild (1878–1957)
- James Mayer Rothschild (1792–1868)
- Jeanne Stuart von Rothschild or Jeanne de Rothschild, actress (1908–2003)
- Jean-Pierre de Rothschild, French astrophysicist
L
- Leopold de Rothschild (1845–1917)
- Leopold David de Rothschild (b. 1927)
- Lionel de Rothschild (1808–1879)
- Lionel Nathan de Rothschild (1882–1942)
- Ludwig (Louis) von Nathaniel (1882–1955)
M
- Mayer Amschel de Rothschild (1818–1874)
- Miriam Louisa Rothschild (1908–2005)
N
- Nathan Mayer Rothschild (1777–1836)
- Nathaniel de Rothschild (1812–1870)
- Nathan Mayer Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild of the United Kingdom (1840–1915)
- Nathaniel Mayer Anselm von Rothschild (1836–1905)
- Nathaniel Charles Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild of the United Kingdom (born 1936)
- Nathaniel Mayer Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild of the United Kingdom (1910–1990)
- Nathaniel Philip Rothschild (born 1971)
- Kathleen Annie Pannonica Rothschild (Baroness Nica de Koenigswarter) (1913–1988)
P
- Pauline de Rothschild (1908–1976)
- Philippe de Rothschild (1902–88)
- Philippine de Rothschild (1935-)
R
- Robert Rothschild, (1911–1978) Belgian diplomat
S
W
- Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild of the United Kingdom (1868–1937)
- Winston Rothschild, III (fictional character from The Red Green Show)
V
- Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild (1910–1990)
References
- Hanks, Patrick Dictionary of American Family Names Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-508137-4
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Columbia Encyclopedia
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/.
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American Heritage Dictionary
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Dictionary of Cultural Literacy: History
The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition Edited by E.D. Hirsch, Jr., Joseph F. Kett, and
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