abbr.: RER; a region of the endoplasmic reticulum associated with ribosomes and involved in the synthesis of secreted and membrane-bound proteins. The nascent protein destined for secretion with its signal peptide associates with a receptor for the signal recognition particle and then translocates through the RER lipid bilayer by means of proteins, including TRAM, which form a translocon. The signal peptide is removed by the signal peptidase. The process is aided by heat-shock proteins, which serve as chaperones.