Rufus Jones

Rufus Matthew Jones (January 25, 1863–June 16, 1948) was an American writer, magazine editor, philosopher, and college professor. He was instrumental in the establishment of the Haverford Emergency Unit (a pre-cursor to the American Friends Service Committee). One of the most influential Quakers of the 20th century, he was a Quaker historian and theologian as well as a philosopher. He is the only person to have delivered two Swarthmore Lectures.

Early life and education

Jones was born into an old Quaker family in South China, Maine. In 1885 he graduated from Haverford College in Pennsylvania, and stayed on to earn his M.A. there in 1886. From 1893 to 1912 he was the editor of the Friends' Review (later called The American Friend); from this position he tried unsuccessfully to unite the divided body of Quakers. In 1901 Jones received another M. A. from Harvard. He also began teaching philosophy and psychology at Haverford in 1893 and continued to do so until retiring in 1934. From 1898 to 1936 he served on the board of trustees of Bryn Mawr College.

Career

In 1917 he helped found the American Friends Service Committee. In 1927 Jones took a trip to Asia at the invitation of the YMCA. His main purpose was to address missionaries in China, but he made stops in Japan, India, and the Holy Land as well. While in India, Jones visited Mahatma Gandhi and the birthplace of the Buddha. This trip helped Jones formulate a new approach to missions—that of giving humanitarian aid to people while respecting other religions and not aggressively converting people to one's own religion. In 1938 he went with George Walton and D. Robert Yarnall on a mission to Germany to try to find a peaceful way of dealing with the Nazis.

Jones worked hard at soothing some of the hurt from the 19th Century split among Friends and had some success. Jones wrote extensively on the topic of mysticism, which is one of the chief aspects of the Quaker faith.

He distinguished between negating or negative mysticism (making contact with an impersonal force) and affirming or affirmative mysticism (making contact with a personal being). He upheld that God is a personal being with whom human beings could interact. He wrote in The Trail of Life in the Middle Years, "The essential characteristic of [mysticism] is the attainment of a personal conviction by an individual that the human spirit and the divine Spirit have met, have found each other, and are in mutual and reciprocal correspondence as spirit with Spirit." At the same time that he distinguished between negative and affirmative mysticism, he asserted that all negative mystics occasionally take the affirmative approach and that all affirmative mystics tread the negative path from time to time.

Jones died in Haverford, Pennsylvania.

Bibliography

• Practical Christianity, 1899. (Full text available at the Digital Quaker Collection.)
• Social law in the spiritual world; studies in human and divine inter-relationship, 1904. (Full text available at the Digital Quaker Collection.)
• The double search: studies in atonement and prayer, 1906. (Full text available at the Digital Quaker Collection.)
• The Abundant Life, 1908.
• Studies in Mystical Religion, 1909.
• The Quakers in the American Colonies, 1911
• The Luminous Trail
• New Eyes for Invisibles
• The Inner Life, 1916.
• A Service of Love in War Time: American Friends Relief Work in Europe, 1917-1919, 1920.
• Spiritual Energies in Daily Life, 1922.
• The Church's Debt to Herectics, 1924?.
• The Faith and Practice of the Quakers, 1927.
• Pathways to the Reality of God, 1931.
• The Testimony of the Soul, 1936.
• A Small-Town Boy, 1941
• "Mystical Experience" in The Atlantic Monthly, May 1942.
• The Radiant Life, 1944.
• A Call to what is Vital, 1948.

See also

• American philosophy
• List of American philosophers

Further reading

• Bernet, Claus: "Rufus Jones (1863-1948). Life and Bibliograph of an American Scholar, Writer, and Social Activist. With a Foreword by Douglas Gwyn", New York 2009, ISBN 978-3-631-58930-4
• Endy, Melvin B.: "The Interpretation of Quakerism. Rufus Jones and His Critics", in: Quaker History. The Bulletin of Friends’ Historical Association, 62, 1, 1981, 3-21
• Hedstrom, Matthews: "Rufus Jones and Mysticism for the Masses", in: Cross Currents, Summer 2004.
• Kent, Stephen: Psychological and Mystical Interpretations of Early Quakerism. William James and Rufus Jones. In: Religion. A Journal of Religion and Religions, 17, 1987, 251-274.
• Vining, Elizabeth Gray: Friend of Life. Philadelphia 1958. London 1959.

External links

• Claus Bernet: Rufus Jones. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Bd. 22, Nordhausen 2003, ISBN 3-88309-133-2, Sp. 633–694. (German)