Gas lamps were not yet available.
Firelight was the available light source. A fire burning on a
hearth or fireplace would provide light. Candles were also
available. Inexpensive candles were made of animal fat. More
expensive candles were made of bee's wax. Another means of
generating light was a rushlight. A type of plant, known as a rush,
was dipped in animal fat. It was then placed in a holder and lit at
one end. Rushlights burned much faster than candles, but they were
extremely inexpensive.