Russian philosophy includes a wide range of branches of philosophical thought, which are listed below along with those authors who developed them. Some Russian writers, like Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky, are known also as philosophers, while many more authors are known primarily for their philosophical works. Russian philosophy blossomed since the 19th century, when it was defined initially by the opposition of Westernizers, advocating Russia's following the Western political and economical models, and Slavophiles, insisting on developing Russia as unique civilization. The latter group includes Nikolai Danilevsky and Konstantin Leontiev, the early founders of eurasianism.
In its further development, Russian philosophy was always marked by deep connection to literature and interest in creativity, society, politics and nationalism; cosmos and religion were other primary subjects. Notable philosopheres of the late 19th and early 20th centuries include Vladimir Solovyev, Sergei Bulgakov, Pavel Florensky, Nikolai Berdyaev and Vladimir Vernadsky. In the 20th century Russian philosophy became dominated by Marxism.
Major Thinkers
Russian Enlightenment
- Mikhail Shcherbatov (1733–1790)
- Alexander Radishchev (1749–1802)
Slavophiles and Pochvennichestvo
- Ivan Kireevsky (1806–1856)
- Aleksey Khomyakov (1804–1860)
- Vladimir Odoevsky (1803–1869)
- Konstantin Aksakov (1817–1860)
- Fyodor Tyutchev (1803–1873)
- Nikolay Danilevsky (1822–1885)
- Nikolay Strakhov (1828–1896)
- Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821–1881) Religious philosopher artist (see Nikolai Berdyaev)
- Konstantin Pobedonostsev (1827–1907)
- Konstantin Leontiev (1831–1891)
- Ivan Ilyin (1883–1954)
Russian Symbolists
- Valery Bryusov (1873–1924)
- Alexander Blok (1880–1921)
- Andrei Bely (1880–1934)
- Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov (1866–1949)
- Innokenty Annensky (1855–1909)
- Fyodor Sologub (1863–1927)
Westernizers
- Pyotr Chaadaev (1794–1856)
- Nikolai Stankevich
- Vissarion Belinsky (1811–1848)
- Alexander Herzen (1812–1870) Father of Russian Socialism
Russian Positivists
- Peter Lavrovich Lavrov (1823–1900)
- G. Virubov
- E. de Roberty
- Nikolay Mikhaylovsky (1842–1910)
- K. Kavelin
- M. Troitsky
- N. Kareyev
- N. Korkunov
Russian cosmists
- Nikolay Fyodorov (1828–1906) N O Lossky lists Fyodorov as primarily a Christian philosopher.
- Vladimir Vernadsky (1863 – 1945)
- Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857–1935)
- Alexander Chizhevsky (1897—1964)
Mysticists
- Nikolay Novikov (1744–1818)
- M. M. Speransky (1772–1839)
- Helena Blavatsky (1831–1891)
- G. I. Gurdjieff (1872–1949)
- P. D. Ouspensky (1878–1947)
Epistemologists, Logicians and Metaphysicians
- Boris Chicherin (1828–1904)
- N. Debolsky
- P. Bakunin
- M Karinsky
- N. Grot
- Prince Trubetskoy
Anarchists
- Mikhail Bakunin (1814 – 1876) listed also as a Materialist, Nihilist[1]
- Leo Tolstoy (1828–1910)
- Peter Kropotkin (1842–1921)
Materialists, Nihilists
- Ivan Turgenev The father of Russian nihilism (see Fathers and Sons)
- N. G. Chernyshevsky (1828–1889)
- Dimitri Pisarev (1840–1868)
- Ivan Sechenov (1829–1905)
Socialists and Marxists
- George Plekhanov (1856–1918)
- Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924) The creator of Leninism.
- Alexander Bogdanov (1873–1928)
- Leon Trotsky (1879–1940) The creator of Trotskyism.
- Sofya Yanovskaya (1896–1966)
- Aleksandr Zinovyev (1922–2006)
- Evald Ilyenkov (1924–1979)
Christian religious-philosophers
Pre- Solovyov
- P. Yurkevichh
- V. Kudriavtsev
- Vladimir Solovyev (1853–1900)
Solovyev is noted to have created the first complete encompassing system of Russian philosophy [2]. - Vasily Rozanov (1856–1919)
- Sergei Bulgakov (1871–1944)
- Pavel Florensky (1882–1937)
Orthodox Christian Theologians
- Georges Florovsky (1893–1979)
- Michael Pomazansky (1888–1988)
- Alexander Schmemann (1921–1983)
- John Meyendorff (1926–1992)
- Vladimir Lossky (1903–1958)
Intuitivist-Personalists
- Nikolai Lossky (1870–1965)
- Semen L. Frank (1877–1950)
- A. F. Losev (1892–1988)
- Leo Mikhailovich Lopatin (1855–1920)
- Dmitri Vassilyevich Boldyrev (1885–1920)
- Sergey Alexandrovich Levitsky
- Vladimir Alexandrovich Kozhevnikov (1850–1917)
Intuitivist-Realists
- B. Babynin
- A. Ognyov
- F. Berezhkov
- P. Popov
Existentialists
- Lev Shestov (1866–1938)
- Nikolai Berdyaev (1874–1948)
Aestheticians
- Alexei Losev (1893–1988)
- Mikhail Bakhtin (1895–1975)
- Leonid Stolovitsh (*1939)
See also
- Philosophy in the Soviet Union
- Philosophers' ship
- Russian literature
- Valentin A. Bazhanov
- Lev Gumilev
- Mikhail Epstein
- Dmitry Likhachev
- Vasily Nalimov
- Victor Ovcharenko
- Karen A. Swassjan
- Nicolai A. Vasiliev
Quotes
From the introduction of Value and Existence:[3]
| “ | Due to the tradition of the Church, Russia had an implicit philosophy, a philosophy that was born of the Neoplatonism of the Church Fathers. This implicit Neo-platonism is the true heritage of Russian thinking. | ” |
| “ | All is immanent in all.[3] | ” |
References
Bibliography
- History of Russian Philosophy «История российской Философии »(1951) by N. O. Lossky. Publisher: Allen & Unwin, London ASIN: B000H45QTY International Universities Press Inc NY, NY sponsored by Saint Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary.
- A History of Philosophy, Volume 10: Russian Philosophy (1986) by Frederick Copleston. Publisher: Continuum, London.
- A history of Russian Philosophy, (2vols) Two Volumes by Vasilii Vasilevich Zenkovsky; Translator George L. Kline Publisher: ROUTLEDGE & KEGAN PAUL (1953) ASIN: B000R0I5MS
External links
- Brief overview of Russian philosophy
- PHILTAR—Comprehensive web site with links to texts and resources
- Gallery of Russian Thinkers edited by Dmitry Olshansky
- Russian philosophy—entry in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- Directory of links to Russian philosophers, mostly in Russian
- Routledge entry
- Konstantin Leontiev
- Sergius Bulgakov Society—Extensive collection of links to Bulgakov resources
- Bulgakov LiveJournal—Collected materials of particular relevance to Russian religious philosophy
|
|||||||||||||||
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
