S-type asteroid

433 Eros, an example of an S-type asteroid

S-type asteroids are of a siliceous (stony) composition, hence the name. Approximately 17% of asteroids are of this type, making it the second most common after the C-type.

Characteristics

S-types are moderately bright (with an albedo of 0.10 to 0.22) and consist mainly of iron- and magnesium-silicates. They are dominant in the inner main belt within 2.2 AU, common in the central belt within about 3 AU, but become rare further out. The largest is 15 Eunomia (about 330 km wide across its longest dimension), with the next largest members by diameter being 3 Juno, 29 Amphitrite, 532 Herculina and 7 Iris. These largest S-types are visible in 10x50 binoculars at most oppositions; the brightest, 7 Iris, can occasionally become brighter than +7.0, which is a higher magnitude than any asteroid except the unusually reflective 4 Vesta.

Their spectrum has a moderately steep slope at wavelengths shorter than 0.7 µm, and has moderate to weak absorption features around 1 µm and 2 µm. The 1 µm absorption is indicative of the presence of silicates (stony minerals). Often there is also a broad but shallow absorption feature centered near 0.63 µm. The composition of these asteroids is similar to a variety of stony meteorites which share similar spectral characteristics

S-group asteroids

SMASS classification

In the SMASS classification, several generally "stony" types of asteroids are brought together into a wider S-group which contains the following types:

• A-type
• K-type
• L-type
• Q-type
• R-type
• a core S-type for asteroids having the most "typical" spectra for the S-group
• Sa, Sk, Sl, Sq, and Sr-types containing transition objects between the core S-type and the A, K, L, Q, and R-types, respectively.

This whole "S" assemblage of asteroids is spectrally quite distinct from the carbonaceous C-group and the mostly metallic X-group.

Tholen classification

In the Tholen classification the S-type is a very broad grouping which includes all the types in the SMASS S-group except for the A, Q, and R, which have particularly strong "stony" absorption features around 1 μm.

See also

• Asteroid spectral types
• L-type asteroid
• K-type asteroid
• X-type asteroid

References

• S. J. Bus and R. P. Binzel Phase II of the Small Main-belt Asteroid Spectroscopy Survey: A feature-based taxonomy, Icarus, Vol. 158, pp. 146 (2002).