Saint Austell

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Coordinates: 50°20′17″N 4°47′42″W / 50.338°N 4.795°W / 50.338; -4.795

St Austell
Cornish: Sen Ostell
St Austell shown within the United Kingdom
Population	22,658 (2001 Census)
OS grid reference	SX011524
Unitary authority	Cornwall
Ceremonial county	Cornwall
Post town	ST AUSTELL
Postcode district	PL25
Dialling code	01726
Police
Fire
Ambulance
UK Parliament	St. Austell and Newquay
List of places: United Kingdom

St Austell (Cornish: Sen Ostell) (pronounced /sənt ˈɔːstəl/) is a town in Cornwall, UK.

St Austell has a population of 22,658 (according to the 2001 census), larger than any other town in Cornwall (including the city of Truro, the county's capital, which has population of 20,920).

St Austell does not yet have a Town or Parish Council, however in December 2008, as part of the move from boroughs and districts to the new Unitary Authority for Cornwall, it was announced that St Austell would be gaining a town council. Three further civil parishes of St Austell Bay, Carlyon and Pentewan Valley will also be created from the unparished area.^[1]

History

One of the earliest references to St Austell is in John Leland's Itinerary, where he says "At S. Austelles is nothing notable but the paroch chirch"^[2]

Not long after William Cookworthy discovered china clay in Tregonning, the same mineral was found in greater quantity in the hills north of St Austell town.^[3] Clay mining soon took over from tin and copper mining as the principal industry in the area, and this eventually became an enormous contributor to the growth of the town. The clay industry really only came into its own during the mid 19th to early 20th century, at a time when the falling price of tin and other metals forced many mines to close down or convert to clay mining. The success and high profitability of the industry attracted many families who had been put out of work by the depression in the local metalliferous mining industry, which increased the population of the town considerably. This increase meant that more shops and businesses took root, offering various products and services, thus providing more jobs and improving trade. This, along with other factors, led to St Austell becoming one of the ten most important commercial centres of Cornwall.

Economy, industry and health service

Due to mechanisation, the china clay industry now employs just over 2000 people, a mere fraction of the workforce in the early 20th century.^{[citation needed]} However, the industry still commands a higher annual output than ever before.^{[citation needed]} The town's economy is supported by its town centre shops and supporting businesses.

The St Austell Brewery, which celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2001, supplies cask ale to pubs in Cornwall and the rest of the UK. They are best known for their flagship beer, St Austell Tribute; a number of other ales are brewed but are rarely seen outside Cornwall.

Panoramic view of the geodesic biome domes at the Eden Project

Tourism and broadcasting

Like much of Cornwall, and neighbouring counties, tourism is increasingly important to St Austell's economy. Tourists are drawn to the area by nearby beaches and attractions such as the Eden Project, sited in a former clay pit, and the Lost Gardens of Heligan. Visitors to the town make a sizable contribution to the local economy during the summer season.^{[citation needed]} The China Clay Country Park situated in a former china-clay pit two miles north of the town, tells the story of the men, women and children who lived, worked and played in the shadow of the clay tips around St Austell.

St Austell is home to several public houses, numerous high street retailers, and several independent shops, many of which cater for tourists. Notably, there are only a few pubs and take-aways that serve hot food in the town centre.

St Austell is also home to Radio St Austell Bay, a community radio station which broadcasts from studios at Tregorrick Park, St Austell. Radio St Austell Bay launched in January 2008 to a potential audience of approximately 30,000 in the St Austell area from Trewoon in the west to Tywardreath in the east.

Freemasons

St Austell has a very large Masonic Presence in the town. The Masonic Hall in South Street, is home to four Craft Lodges, Peace & Harmony Lodge No.496 which was formed on 23 March 1844 had made three daughter Lodges over the years, these are, Tewington Lodge No.5698 which was consectrated in March 1938; Carlyon Lodge No.7392, which was consecrated in November 1955 and St Denys Lodge No.8250, which was consecrated in January 1969^[4]. Other Masonic Bodies meeting in St Austell are, Mount Edgcumbe Royal Arch Chapter No.496, formed in 1874; Tewington Royal Arch Chapter No.5698 formed on 11 November 1987; St Austell Mark Master Masons Lodge No.275, consecrated on 22 February 1881; St Austell Lodge of Royal Ark Mariners No.275, formed on 22 September 1962 and the St Austell Rose Croix Chapter No.744, consecrated on 16 October 1973^[5]

Newspaper and hospital

The main weekly newspaper for the town is the St Austell Guardian, which is part of the Cornish Guardian series published by Cornwall and Devon Media Ltd. The newspaper has a long history in the town and operates from offices in the centre of the town in Fore Street. It also has a comprehensive website with news updated daily at http://www.thisiscornwall.co.uk

St Austell has a second weekly newspaper, the St Austell Voice, published every Wednesday with offices at Truro Road, close to the town centre.

St Austell also has its own hospital called St Austell community hospital, which used to be called Penrice hospital. The hospital is only a minor injury unit, unlike the main Royal Cornwall Hospital at Treliske, Truro, that handles most of the patients.

Redevelopment

The town is currently going through a £75 million redevelopment process. The redevelopment has attracted heavy opposition since the beginning, with the main arguments coming from Friends for a Better St Austell.

In August 2007, developers David McLean and demolition team Gilpin moved onto the site to complete the preparation, with the Filmcentre, which dates back to the 1930s, being demolished in late September/early October.

In October 2007, the South West Regional Development Agency (SWRDA) & project developers David McLean, announced the new development will be named 'White River Place'. Also announced ^[6] is that 50% of units have been leased with high street stores, New Look, Peacocks, Starbucks & Wilkinson opening new stores. This would mean New Look relocating from its current premises in Fore Street & the return of Peacocks to St Austell following the demolition of its old store to make way for the new development.

In December 2008, the new white river cinema opened its doors for the first time. The cinema is state of the art and the first purpose built cinema in Cornwall in over 60 years.

Transport

St Austell railway station

St Austell railway station was opened by the Cornwall Railway on 4 May 1859 on the hillside above the town centre. Two branch lines west of the town were later opened to serve the china clay industry; the Newquay and Cornwall Junction Railway which is still partly open, and the short-lived Trenance Valley line.^[7] The independent narrow gauge Pentewan Railway ran from West Hill to the coast at Pentewan. The Cornish Main Line in St Austell is quite renowned for its viaduct which passes through the Gover Valley and Trenance areas of the town. the original timber structure was designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, it was 115 feet (35 m) high, 720 feet (220 m) long on 10 piers; it was replaced by a new stone viaduct in 1899.^[8][9] There was a siding located west of the viaduct. In the early years trains from St Austell had to push wagons over the tall, curving viaduct to shunt this siding. The Great Western Railway's instructions stated that: "Trucks may be pushed from St. Austell to the Siding, but when this is done the speed of the Train between the two places must not exceed 8 miles an hour, and the head Guard must ride on the leading vehicle, unless it be a bonnet end one, in which case he must ride in the first low sided vehicle from it, to keep a good look out, and be prepared to give a signal to the Driver either by Day or Night, as may be required". Train servcies today operate west to Truro and Penzance, and east to Plymouth and London. There are also three services on most days to the North of England and Scotland.^[10]

The town's bus station faces the entrance to the railway station to offer an easy interchange between buses and trains. National Express coach services call here, a dedicated link operates to the Eden Project, and local buses operate to towns such as Fowey and Mevagissey. The town has many link roads including the A390 which streaches through the heart of the town and links with Liskeard and Truro. There is also the A391 which links St Austell to the A30 and the A3058 which links St Austell to Newquay

Sport

Speedway racing first took place a venue called Rocky Park, under the name "St Austell Gulls". The sport was a hit during various years, between 1949 and 1963 at the Cornish Stadium - now Stadium Retail Park, home of Cornish Market World. The sport returned to the area in the late 1990s, in the Clay Country Moto Parc, located at Old Pound, Nanpean. The club operated as the St Austell Gulls for four years, until the club changed ownership, and moved up a league to the Speedway Premier League, re-formed as the Trelawny JAG Tigers, until site owners Imerys Minerals Ltd ended the lease and speedway has not been held in Cornwall since. Many attempts have been made to re-introduce the sport, but none have got past planning permission. The two highest profile bids were for a) Par Moor Motor Museum - the owner confirmed that he would rent the land for speedway, however locals objected, and b) St Eval Raceway, where again the management came across local residents who didn't want the noise the sport brings. Speedway in St Austell is completely non-existent now, and will remain so until planners, club owners and residents can agree on a location. Stock Car Racing, promoted by 1950s Kiwi Speedway star Trevor Redmond, ran side by side with speedway on numerous occasions. In stock car racing, mostly running under the Brisca banner, numerous championships were run there, including the World Championships. It closed its doors in 1987.

St Austell football club was formed on 17 September 1890 and won its first trophy in 1908 - The Cornwall Charity Cup. The club achieved some success in the late 1920's-1930's winning the Senior Cup and Charity Cup twice. More recently in May 2009, the team won the Senior Cup with a closely fought 3-2 victory over Saltash FC.^[11]

Architecture

Most of the shops on the old high street near the centre occupy original buildings either in renovated or modified form.^{[citation needed]} Notable Cornish architect Silvanus Trevail designed many of St Austell's buildings and houses, including the Thin End and the Moorland Road terrace (originally known as Work House Lane, said work house having since been razed to the ground by arsonists).^{[citation needed]} Of other notable architects from st. Austell, John Goode contributed considerably during the 1970s to residential developments in the area, many of which remain to this day. As well, as the achitctural company, two shops opened as side projects (a furniture shop and a fine goods shop) existed in the town up until the eighties, when they closed down.

Education

St Austell has two comprehensive schools, Poltair School, formerly the grammar school, and Penrice Community College. Brannel School is in the St Austell area but not in the town itself.

Cornwall College St Austell, is a Further & Higher education institution incorporating the former St Austell 6th Form Centre & Mid Cornwall College of Further Education. The College is based at John Keay House, which is also home to the college group's headquarters.

St Austell has 7 primary schools, Charlestown County Primary School, Bishop Bronescombe School, Carclaze Community Infant School, Carclaze Community Junior School, Mount Charles School, Pondhu Primary School, St Mewan Primary School, and Sandy Hill Community Primary School.

See also

• Boscoppa, a district of St Austell
• Charlestown, the port of St Austell
• People from St Austell
• St. Austell with Fowey
• HMS St Austell Bay (K634)
• List of topics related to Cornwall
• Radio St Austell Bay
• Trewoon, a district of St Austell
• St Stephen-in-Brannel, a district of St Austell
• Sticker, a district of St Austell
• Eden Project, tourist attraction near St Austell
• The Lost Gardens of Heligan
• Cornwall Council

References

External links

• St Austell Town Website
• St Austell at the Open Directory Project
• Cornwall College St Austell Campus
• China Clay Country Park and Museum
• St Austell OCS
• Cornwall Record Office Online Catalogue for St Austell
• Carclaze Community Junior School
• Bed and Breakfast Map of St Austell
• Cornwall Council

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