(Full/Kunya)Title

(Arabic/Turkish)[7]Date of

Birth Death

(CE/AH)[8]ImportancePlace of birthReason & place of death and place of burial[9]1Ali ibn Abu Talib

علي بن أبي طالب Abu al-Hasan

أبو الحسنAmir al-Mu'minin

(Commander of the Faithful)[10]Birinci Ali[11]600-661[10] 23(before Hijra)-40[12]The First Imam and the rightful successor of the Prophet of all Shi'a; however, the Sunnis acknowledge him as the fourth Caliph as well. He holds a high position in almost all Sufi Muslim orders (Turuq); the members of these orders trace their lineage to Muhammad through him.[10]Mecca,

Saudi Arabia[10]Assassinated by Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam, a Kharijite in Kufa, who slashed him with a poisoned sword while he was praying.[10][13] Buried at the Imam Ali Mosque in Najaf,

Iraq.2Hasan ibn Ali

حسن بن علي Abu Muhammad

أبو محمدal-Mujtaba

(The Chosen) Ikinci Ali[11]624-670[14] 3-50[15]He was the eldest surviving grandson of Muhammad through Muhammad's daughter, Fatimah az-Zahra. Hasan succeeded his father as the caliph in Kufa, and on the basis of peace treaty with Muawiya I, he relinquished control of Iraq following a reign of seven months.[16]Medina,

Saudi Arabia[14]Poisoned by his wife in Medina, Saudi Arabia on the orders of the Caliph Muawiya, according to Twelver Shi'ite belief.[17] Buried in Jannat al-Baqi, Medina,

Saudi Arabia.3Husayn ibn Ali

حسین بن علي Abu Abdillah

أبو عبداللهSayyid ash-Shuhada

(Master of the Marytrs) Ūçüncü Ali[11]626-680[18] 4-61[19]He was a grandson of Muhammad and brother of Hasan ibn Ali. Husayn opposed the validity of Caliph Yazid I. As a result, he and his family were later killed in the Battle of Karbala by Yazid's forces. After this incident, the commemoration of Husayn ibn Ali has become a central ritual in Shi'a identity.[18][20]Medina,

Saudi Arabia[18]Killed and beheaded at the Battle of Karbala.[18] Buried at the Imam Husayn Shrine in Karbala,

Iraq.4Ali ibn Husayn

علي بن الحسین Abu Muhammad

أبو محمدal-Sajjad, Zayn al-'Abidin

(One who constantly Prostrates, Ornament of the Worshippers) [21] Dorduncu Ali[11]658/9[21] - 712[22] 38[21]-95[22]Author of prayers in Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya, which is known as "The Psalm of the Household of the Prophet."[22]Medina,

Saudi Arabia[21]According to most Shi'a scholars, he was poisoned on the order of Caliph al-Walid I in Medina, Saudi Arabia.[22] Buried in Jannat al-Baqi, Medina,

Saudi Arabia.5Muhammad ibn Ali

محمد بن علي Abu Ja'far

أبو جعفرBaqir al-Ulum

(The Revealer of Knowledge) [23] Besinci Ali[11]677-732[23] 57-114[23]Sunni and Shi'a sources both describe him as one of the early and most eminent legal scholars, teaching many students during his tenure.[23][24]Medina,

Saudi Arabia[23]According to some Shi'a scholars, he was poisoned by Ibrahim ibn Walid ibn 'Abdallah in Medina, Saudi Arabia on the order of Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik.[22] Buried in Jannat al-Baqi, Medina,

Saudi Arabia.6Ja'far ibn Muhammad

جعفر بن محمد Abu Abdillah

أبو عبداللهas-Sadiq[25]

(The Honest) Altinci Ali[11]702-765[25] 83-148[25]Established the Ja'fari jurisprudence and developed the Theology of Shi'a. He instructed many scholars in different fields, including Abu Hanifah and Malik ibn Anas in fiqh, Wasil ibn Ata and Hisham ibn Hakam in Islamic theology, and Geber in science and alchemy.[25][26][27]Medina,

Saudi Arabia[25]According to Shi'a sources, he was poisoned in Medina, Saudi Arabia on the order of Caliph Al-Mansur.[25] Buried in Jannat al-Baqi, Medina,

Saudi Arabia.7Musa ibn Ja'far

موسی بن جعفر Abu al-Hasan I

أبو الحسن الاول[28]al-Kazim[29]

(The Calm One) Yedinci Ali[11]744-799[29] 128-183[29]Leader of the Shi'a community during the schism of Ismaili and other branches after the death of the former Imam, Jafar al-Sadiq.[30] He established the network of agents who collected khums in the Shi'a community of the Middle East and the Greater Khorasan.He holds a high position in Mahdavia; the members of these orders trace their lineage to Muhammad through him.[31]Medina,

Saudi Arabia[29]Imprisoned and poisoned in Baghdad, Iraq on the order of Caliph Harun al-Rashid, according to Shi'ite belief. Buried in the Kazimayn shrine in Baghdad,

Iraq.[29]8Ali ibn Musa

علي بن موسی Abu al-Hasan II

أبو الحسن الثانی[28]ar-Rida, Reza[32]

(The Pleasing One) Sekizinci Ali[11]765-817[32] 148-203[32]Made crown-prince by Caliph Al-Ma'mun, and famous for his discussions with both Muslim and non-Muslim religious scholars.[32]Medina,

Saudi Arabia[32]According to Shi'a sources, he was poisoned in Mashad, Iran on the order of Caliph Al-Ma'mun. Buried in the Imam Reza shrine in Mashad,

Iran.[32]9Muhammad ibn Ali

محمد بن علي Abu Ja'far

أبو جعفرal-Taqi, al-Jawad[33]

(The God-Fearing, The Generous) Dokuzuncu Ali[11]810-835[33] 195-220[33]Famous for his generosity and piety in the face of persecution by the Abbasid caliphate.Medina,

Saudi Arabia[33]Poisoned by his wife, Al-Ma'mun's daughter, in Baghdad, Iraq on the order of Caliph Al-Mu'tasim, according to Shi'ite sources. Buried in the Kazmain shrine in Baghdad,

Iraq.[33]10Ali ibn Muhammad

علي بن محمد Abu al-Hasan III

أبو الحسن الثالث[34]al-Hadi, al-Naqi[34]

(The Guide, The Pure One) Onuncu Ali[11]827-868[34] 212-254[34]Strengthened the network of deputies in the Shi'a community. He sent them instructions, and received in turn financial contributions of the faithful from the khums and religious vows.[34]Surayya, a village near Medina,

Saudi Arabia[34]According to Shi'a sources, he was poisoned in Samarra, Iraq on the order of Caliph Al-Mu'tazz.[35] Buried in the Al Askari Mosque in Samarra,

Iraq.11Hasan ibn Ali

الحسن بن علي Abu Muhammad

أبو محمدal-Askari[36]

(The Citizen of a Garrison Town) Onbirinci Ali[11]846-874[36] 232-260[36]For most of his life, the Abbasid Caliph, Al-Mu'tamid, placed restrictions on him after the death of his father. Repression of the Shi'ite population was particularly high at the time due to their large size and growing power.[37]Medina,

Saudi Arabia[36]According to Shi'a, he was poisoned on the order of Caliph Al-Mu'tamid in Samarra, Iraq. Buried in Al Askari Mosque in Samarra,

Iraq.[38]12Muhammad ibn al-Hasan

محمد بن الحسن Abu al-Qasim

أبو القاسمal-Mahdi, Hidden Imam, al-Hujjah[39]

(The Guided One, The Proof) Onikinci Ali[11]868-unknown[40] 255-unknown[40]According to Twelver Shi'ite doctrine, he is an actual historical personality and is the current Imam and the promised Mahdi, a messianic figure who will return with Christ. He will reestablish the rightful governance of Islam and replete the earth with justice and peace.[41]Samarra,

Iraq[40]According to Shi'a doctrine, he has been living in the Occultation since 872, and will continue as long as God wills it.[40]

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