(b Mannheim, 4 March 1928). American composer, conductor and teacher of German origin. He arrived in the USA in 1939 and studied at Boston University (1943-7) and Harvard (1946-8, with Piston, Thompson and Hindemith). He has taught at North Texas State University (1958-66) and the Eastman School. His large output exhibits great rhythmic vitality and includes five symphonies (1953-75) and six string quartets (1945-75).

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