Saxe-Altenburg (săks-ăl'tənbərg), Ger. Sachsen-Altenburg, former duchy, Thuringia, central Germany. Altenburg was the capital. Created a separate duchy in 1603, it was ruled by an Ernestine line of the house of Wettin. It passed (1672) to the dukes of Saxe-Gotha, but from 1826 to 1918 it was again a separate duchy under the collateral line of Saxe-Hildburghausen. In 1920 it was incorporated into Thuringia.
Saxe-Altenburg
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Saxe-Altenburg (German: Sachsen-Altenburg) was one of the Saxon duchies held by the Ernestine branch of the Wettin dynasty in present-day Thuringia.[1]
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History
The duchy originated from the medieval Burgraviate of Altenburg in the Imperial Pleissnerland (Terra Plisensis), a possession of the Wettin Margraves of Meissen since 1243. Upon a partition treaty of 1485, Altenburg fell to Elector Ernest of Saxony, the progenitor of the Ernestine Wettins.[2] After the Division of Erfurt in 1572 among Duke John William of Saxony and his nephews, Altenburg fell to his Duchy of Saxe-Weimar.
When in 1602 John William's son and successor Frederick William I died, the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar passed to his younger brother John II, while in 1603 Frederick William's eldest son John Philip in compensation received the newly created Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg. It was an Imperial State in its own right, with a vote in the Reichstag, for much of the 17th century until the extinction of its ruling line in 1672, when it was inherited by Ernest I the Pious, the Duke of Saxe-Gotha, who had married the heiress.
Saxe-Altenburg thereafter remained part of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg until the extinction of that house in 1825, when Gotha and Altenburg were split up, with Gotha going to the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Altenburg to the Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen, who in exchange gave up Hildburghausen to the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. This family ruled in the duchy until the end of the monarchies in the course of the German Revolution of 1918-19. The succeeding Free State of Saxe-Altenburg was incorporated into the new state of Thuringia in 1920.
Saxe-Altenburg had an area of 1,323 km² and a population of 207,000 (1905). Its capital was Altenburg.
The Saxe-Altenburg line became extinct following the death of Prince George Moritz in 1991.
Dukes of Saxe-Altenburg
Elder line
- John Philip, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1603-1639)
- Frederick William II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1639-1669)
- Frederick William III, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1669-1672)
Line extinct, inherited by Saxe-Gotha, thereupon Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
Junior line
- Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1826-1834) (Previously Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen)
- Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1834-1848)
- Georg, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1848-1853)
- Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1853-1908)
- Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1908-1918)
Heads of the Ducal House of Saxe-Altenburg, post monarchy
- Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1918-1955)
- Georg Moritz, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Altenburg (1955-1991)
In 1991 the Saxe-Altenburg line became extinct.
Two branches descend from duke Ernest the Pious, the father of the progenitor of this Saxe-Altenburg branch: Saxe-Meiningen and Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; according to old Wettin family law, they would have divided the actual territories between them (as happened to Gotha and Altenburg in 1826).
See also
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Saxe-Altenburg |
References
- ^ "The Ernestine Line's Saxon Duchies" (Web). Historical Atlas. Tacitus Historical Atlas. http://www.tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/regents/germany/saxony2.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-19.
- ^
"Saxe-Altenburg". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913. http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Saxe-Altenburg.
External links
- Saxe-Altenburg family genealogy
- "Saxe-Altenburg". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
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Mentioned in
- Saxe-Gotha (former duchy, Germany)
- Altenburg (city, Germany)
- Saxe-Meiningen (former duchy, Germany)
- Thuringia (state, Germany)
- Wettin (dynasty, Germany/Saxony/Poland/England/Belgium/Bulgaria)
- Saxe-Coburg (former duchy, Germany)
- Georg Moritz, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Altenburg
- Frederick William III, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Jesse Francis Grierson Shepard (parapsychology)
- Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg
- Georg, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- prince consort Albert
- Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg
