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Saxe-Coburg

 
 
Columbia Encyclopedia: Saxe-Coburg
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Saxe-Coburg (săks-kōbərg), Ger. Sachsen-Coburg, former duchy, central Germany. A possession of the Ernestine branch of the house of Wettin, it was given by Ernest the Pious (d. 1675) of Saxe-Gotha to his son Albert. On Albert's death (1699) it passed to his younger brother, John Ernest, duke of Saxe-Saalfeld, whose descendants ruled the duchy of Coburg until 1918 and the duchy of Saalfeld until 1826. The extinction (1825) of the related line of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg resulted in a general redivision of the Ernestine possessions in 1826. The duchy of Saalfeld passed to the duke of Saxe-Meiningen, while Ernest III of Saxe-Coburg received the duchy of Gotha and assumed the style Ernest I, duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Ernest I's brother was crowned (1831) as Leopold I, king of the Belgians, and Ernest's son Albert married (1840) Queen Victoria of Great Britain. Thus the house of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha became the ruling dynasty of Belgium and of Great Britain (where the name was changed to Windsor during World War I). Ernest II, son of Leopold I, sided with Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. He was succeeded (1893) by Alfred, duke of Edinburgh, a son of Queen Victoria and the father of Queen Marie of Romania. On Alfred's death (1900) the duchy passed to his nephew, Charles Edward, who abdicated in 1918. In 1920 Saxe-Gotha was incorporated into Thuringia, and Saxe-Coburg into Bavaria.

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Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg
Duchy of Saxe-Coburg
State of the Holy Roman Empire
← Image missing
 
← Blank.png
 1596–1633
1680–1735		 Image missing →
 
Saxe-Eisenach →

Coat of arms1 of Saxe-Coburg

Coat of arms1
Location of Saxe-Coburg
Saxe-Coburg, shown with the other Ernestine duchies
Capital Coburg
Government Principality
Historical era Early modern Europe
 - Division of
    S-Coburg-Eisenach
    and S-Weimar		  
 
1572
 - Division of S-Coburg
    and S-Eisenach		  
1596
 - Fell to S-Eisenach 1633
 - Re-partitioned
    from S-Gotha		  
1680
 - Claimed by
    S-Saalfeld		  
1699–1735
 - Incorporated into
    S-Coburg-Saalfeld		  
1735
1: The coat of arms shown is that of Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, as used in Saxony.

Saxe-Coburg (German: Sachsen-Coburg) was a duchy held by the Ernestine branch of the Wettin dynasty in today's Bavaria, Germany.

Veste Coburg

After the Division of Erfurt in 1572, Coburg was part of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach, ruled by the Ernestine duke John Casimir jointly with his brother John Ernest. In 1596 Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach was split, John Casimir got Saxe-Coburg while John Ernest received Saxe-Eisenach. When Casimir died in 1633, his brother Ernst of Saxe-Eisenach ruled in personal union over Saxe-Coburg until his death in 1638. His estates were then divided among Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Altenburg, whereby Coburg fell to Frederick William II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg.

Saxe-Altenburg in turn was incorporated into the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha under Ernest I in 1672. Ernest left seven sons, who in 1680 divided his lands among themselves. The Duchy of Saxe-Coburg was thereby restored and given to Albert V. It remained under this name until 1699, when Albert died without sons. His brother John Ernest of Saxe-Saalfeld claimed the heritage, initiating a long-time quarrel with his elder brother Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. The conflict was not resolved until 1735, when the major part of Saxe-Coburg was incorporated into the Duchy of Saxe-Saalfeld on decision of Emperor Charles VI. The united duchy was then renamed Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.

Dukes of Saxe-Coburg

Duchy fell to Saxe-Eisenach, restored in 1680

Incorporated into Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

See also

References

v • d • e
Ernestine duchies after the Division of Erfurt (1572)

Saxe-Weimar (1572–1806) · Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1572–1596) · Saxe-Coburg (1596–1633, 1681–1699) · Saxe-Eisenach (1596–1638, 1640–1644, 1672–1806) · Saxe-Altenburg (1603–1672, 1826–1918) · Saxe-Gotha (1640–1680) · Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1681–1826) · Saxe-Marksuhl (1662–1672) · Saxe-Jena (1672–1690) · Saxe-Eisenberg (1680–1707) · Saxe-Hildburghausen (1680–1826) · Saxe-Römhild (1680–1710) · Saxe-Saalfeld (1680–1735) · Saxe-Meiningen (1681–1918) · Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1735–1826) · Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1806–1918) · Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1826–1918)

 Photograph of the Ernestine coat of arms on a boundary stone


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Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/.  Read more
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