Scream (1996) is a horror film directed by Wes Craven from a screenplay by Kevin Williamson. Filmed mostly in Santa Rosa, California, the movie tells the story of the fictional town Woodsboro, CA being haunted by a masked killer who enjoys tormenting his victims with phone calls and movie references. The killer's main target is Sidney Prescott (Neve Campbell), a teenage girl whose mother Maureen fell victim to a brutal murder one year earlier. The film takes on a who done it mystery, with many of her friends and townspeople being fellow targets and suspects.
Scream revitalized the slasher film genre in the mid-1990s, similar to the impact Halloween (1978) had on late 1970s film, by using a standard concept with a tongue-in-cheek approach that combined straightforward scares with dialogue that satirized slasher film conventions. The movie received an R rating after being edited down from an NC-17.
Plot
The film begins with Casey Becker (Drew Barrymore) answering the phone, the man who has called says he has the wrong number. He calls again, and from there the scene turns into the ultimate trivia contest. If Casey answers the horror based trivia questions right, she and her boyfriend, Steve (Kevin Patrick Walls) get to live. The caller reveals Casey's boyfriend is tied up outside on the patio. She gets a trick question though, "Who is the killer in Friday the 13th?" The man on the other end doesn't say if it is the series or the first film. She answers "Jason" but in the original film, it's his mother. When she turns the patio lights back on, Steve has been disemboweled.
The caller promises Casey another round, but Casey refuses. She is caught by a cloaked figure wearing a mask and is stabbed repeatedly. At the same time her parents arrive and find the house trashed. Panicked, her parents leave the house only to see Casey's gutted body hung from a tree.
The movie then cuts to Sidney Prescott (Neve Campbell), who is attempting to cope with the anniversary of her mother's brutal rape and murder. The following night, the killer attempts to kill her at her home. The killer is known as Ghostface, who wears a Halloween costume reminiscent of Edvard Munch's painting The Scream.
Sidney tries to sort through the trauma of being attacked and, in reaction to circumstantial evidence, points an accusatory finger at her boyfriend Billy Loomis (Skeet Ulrich). She decides to stay at the home of her friend Tatum Riley (Rose McGowan) and Tatum's brother Dwight, nicknamed Dewey (David Arquette). While there, she receives a phone call from the killer. He says Billy Loomis is not the killer and she will find out who the killer is soon.
Already under considerable stress, Sidney is forced to deal with the scandalization of her own attack by ambitious tabloid television newswoman Gale Weathers (Courteney Cox). Gale is responsible for a tell-all book revealing the promiscuous affair between Sidney's mother and her convicted killer, Cotton Weary (Liev Schreiber). School is soon canceled as a precautionary measure, leaving the building temporarily abandoned. Despite the closing, the school principal (Henry Winkler) is killed while in school. Unaware of their principal's fate, Tatum's boyfriend Stu Macher (Matthew Lillard) throws a party at his house. When Sidney and Tatum arrive at Stu's house they see Randy Meeks (Jamie Kennedy), a horror movie fanatic. Billy also shows up at the party, he and Sidney go upstairs to Stu's parents room. Tatum goes to collect a few beers, and is attacked by the killer. She manages to fight him and eventually knock him over, but when she tries to escape through a doggy door he activates the garage; she gets stuck in the door, is pulled up, and the top of the garage snaps her neck, killing her instantly.
Meanwhile, Gale sensing the potential for a major scoop, hides a video camera inside the house. She then goes outside and begins searching for anything suspicious, with the help of Dewey. The party goers soon receive word of the principal's death and head to the school, leaving few people including Sidney alone in the house.
While Sidney and Billy are upstairs the killer appears and stabs Billy multiple times. Sidney escapes out the window where she sees Tatum's dead body. Randy, unaware of what's going on and watching a horror movie, narrowly avoids death when the killer hears Sidney's screams. Inside Gale's news van, her cameraman Kenny (W. Earl Brown) lets a terrified Sidney inside. Kenny and Sidney witness the killer nearly kill Randy on the video, it has a 30 second delay. Kenny steps outside the van but his throat is slashed by the killer.
Sidney escapes the van to find Dewey stepping out of the house but falls down to reveal a knife in his back. Sidney runs to Dewey's car and tries to escape but the keys aren't there, the killer shows he has the keys and tries to kill her but fails. Sidney runs back to the house where she finds Randy and Stu, who are presented as the only remaining suspects. When they both accuse each other of being the killer, Sidney does not know who to trust and slams the door in their faces.
Billy comes falling down the stairs, alive but seriously injured. Billy asks for the gun that Sidney has found and she gives it to him and he opens the door, letting Randy into the house, Randy makes a fuss that Stu has gone mad, Billy gives an evil smile to Randy and says "We all go a little mad sometimes", then shoots Randy, who falls to the floor seemingly dead. Billy tells Sidney the blood on his chest is corn syrup (as used in the production of Carrie). Sidney turns and finds Stu, who unveils the voice-changing box.
Finally, the truth is revealed: The murders were planned and carried out by Billy and Stu, as a means for getting revenge on Sidney's mother. Sidney's mother had an affair with Billy's father, Hank Loomis (C. W. Morgan), and this was the reason for the demise of Billy's parents' marriage. It is also revealed that it was Billy who murdered Sidney's mother and not Cotton Weary, who was convicted of the murder based upon Sidney's testimony. Stu and Billy also reveal they have abducted Sidney's father and it was his cellphone they used to make their ominous phone calls. They plan to murder Sidney and frame her father as the killer by shooting him in the head, making it seem he committed suicide after the murders. Stu and Billy then stab each other in non-vital places so it appear that they're the only surviving victims of Sidney's father's rampage. Things begin to fall apart though when Billy stabs Stu too deeply and he begins to bleed profusely. Gale shows up and tries to shoot Billy, unfortunately the safety is on and he knocks her out. Billy is about to kill her when Stu notices Sidney is gone. Sidney manages to stab Billy with an umbrella and he collapses on the floor. Stu tries to kill Sidney but she gains the upper hand and pushes a television onto his head, killing him. Randy is shown to be still alive, which he credits to the fact that he's a virgin but Billy is still alive and attacks Randy. He then attacks Sidney and is about to stab her when Gale shoots him. Randy, back on his feet, warns Sidney that killers always "come back to life" for one last scare. Billy immediately springs to life and Sidney shoots him, finally killing him. Dewey is later shown being carried away in a stretcher, alive and conscious. Gale makes an impromptu report on the events of the previous night as the authorities finally arrive on the crime scene.
Cast and characters
Main characters
- Neve Campbell as Sidney Prescott: Still deeply affected by the horrific murder of her mother, Maureen, Sidney suffers from intimacy issues and feels that she cannot satisfy her boyfriend, Billy Loomis. She testified against Maureen's lover, Cotton Weary, and holds a grudge against journalist Gale Weathers for accusing her of falsehood in her book about the crime. However, these issues soon become the last things on her mind when a masked psychopath begins stalking her school friends.
- Courteney Cox as Gale Weathers: An ambitious journalist and author, who penned a book about the murder of Maureen Prescott, supposedly in a bid to exonerate prime suspect Cotton Weary. She appears to be a single-minded, heartless woman with a talent for deception, effortlessly manipulating almost everyone around her, including love struck deputy sheriff Dewey Riley.
- David Arquette as Deputy Dwight 'Dewey' Riley: A kind, yet dopey police officer and older brother of Sidney's best friend, Tatum. He falls for the charms of journalist Gale Weathers and is stabbed on the back by the killer but survives.
- Rose McGowan as Tatum Riley: Sidney's best friend, Stu Macher's girlfriend and younger sister of Officer Dewey Riley. She is later killed during Stu's party when getting beers out of the garage; she fought the killer, but her neck was snapped with an automatic garage door, after attempting to escape from the killer.
- Skeet Ulrich as Billy Loomis: Sidney's boyfriend and one of the two actual killers in the film. He can easily project fear into people, such as Sidney, Stu and Randy, the latter of whom he threatens for implying that he's the killer. Billy went insane after his mother abandoned him, following her discovery of his father's affair with Maureen Prescott, whom he subsequently killed for revenge. A year later he and his accomplice, Stu Macher, continue their persecution of Maureen's daughter, Sidney, planning to slaughter and then posthumously frame her father for the gruesome murders of her friends. He is finally killed after being impaled, as he is shot in the head by Sidney.
- Matthew Lillard as Stuart "Stu" Macher: Tatum's boyfriend and Billy's best friend. Stu is one of the two killers in the film. On the surface he seems like just another normal, slightly immature teenage boy; however, underneath his personality he is actually one of the two killers in the film, and is killed when Sidney pushes a television on top of his head.
- Jamie Kennedy as Randy Meeks: Randy is a friend of Sidney, Tatum and Stu, but not Billy. Kind of a nerd, Randy works in the local video store and considers himself an expert on horror films; indeed, he's the one who explains the rules of surviving a horror movie while at Stu's party. He barely survives the killings because of his previously lamented virginal status.
Minor characters
- Drew Barrymore as Casey Becker: Casey appears in the opening scene of the film being alone in her house. While making Jiffy Pop popcorn and getting ready for her boyfriend Steven Orth to arrive to watch a horror film, Casey gets phone calls from a mysterious stranger who first starts off nice conversation then ends with a taunting and threatening one. Casey is forced to play a trivia game in which she must answer questions correctly to keep her boyfriend, who is strapped to one of her outside patio chairs, alive. Casey witnesses her boyfriend being disemboweled, and is then pursued by the killer herself. She is stabbed numerous times, before her horrified parents come home to see her bloody, gutted corpse hanging from a big oak tree across the road.
- Henry Winkler as Principal Arthur Himbry: The school principal. After expelling two students for pulling a cruel prank, he is fooling around in his office until someone knocks on the door. He opens the door and finds no one there, then he goes out and checks for whoever knocked on his door but only finds the janitor. As he goes back to his office, he closes the door and the killer appears, and he is stabbed multiple times and dies.
- Joseph Whipp as Sheriff Burke: The police sheriff who is continuously trying to track down the killer. He is shown to have a friendship with Dewey Riley.
- Lawrence Hecht as Neil Prescott: Sidney's father. He is away on business and the suspicion of the killings are being heavily suspected upon him. The real killers, Billy and Stu abduct him and show him to Sidney near the end of the film.
- W. Earl Brown as Kenneth "Kenny" Jones: Gale Weather's cameraman. His throat is slashed by the killer.
- Kevin Patrick Walls as Steven Orth was ductaped outside Casey's house and when she gets a question wrong the killer kills the athlete by ripping him open while he is still strapped to the chair
- Roger L. Jackson as Phone Voice (voice)
- Carla Hatley as Mrs. Becker
- David Booth as Mr. Becker
- C. W. Morgan as Hank Loomis
- Liev Schreiber as Cotton Weary
- Dane Farewell (Stuntman) as the killer in costume.
The rules
A signature device, started in Scream and continued in Scream 2 and Scream 3, was the typical "rules" for the slasher subgenre of horror movies, always recited by the movie-buff character Randy.[1] In Scream, those rules are:
- You can never have sex.
- You can never drink or do drugs. (The "sin factor, an extension of number one".)
- Never, ever, EVER, under any circumstances say "I'll be right back", 'cause you won't be back.
A similar set of "rules" was used for the movie's trailer:
- Don't answer the phone
- Don't open the door
- Don't try to hide
- But most of all don't scream
References to other horror films
The film features numerous in-jokes and references to other horror projects. The victims in Scream are quite self-aware: they each make clear their familiarity with, and poke fun at, teen slasher and horror flicks, which sets up their fairly ironic responses to the film's situations.[2]
Two of the most common references are to A Nightmare on Elm Street and its director Wes Craven. In the audio commentary for the DVD, Craven says that he almost took out the line where Casey Becker says the first A Nightmare on Elm Street was good but the rest sucked, because he thought it would make him seem egotistical. However, it was pointed out to him that he had co-written the third film and also wrote and directed the seventh. A Nightmare on Elm Street is also referenced in the high school janitor. Fred, played by Craven, wears an outfit resembling Freddy Krueger's. Later in the film, Tatum tells Sidney that she is "starting to sound like a Wes Carpenter flick", a fictional name created from compounding the names Wes Craven and John Carpenter (co-producer of the first three installments in the Halloween film series, co-writer of the first two, and director of the first).
At one point, Billy sneaks into Sidney's room through her window, startling her, in a way that quotes Glen sneaking into Nancy's room in A Nightmare on Elm Street. The similarity between the scenes in emphasized by the physical resemblance Skeet Ulrich, who plays Billy's character, bears to the young Johnny Depp, who played Glen's character.
Towards the end of the film, Sidney kills Stu, after a chase, by pushing a TV on to him. In Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors, too, someone is killed by a TV when Freddie appear from the top of the set and pulls them up and in to the screen.
In addition to its director, Halloween is referenced many times throughout the film. When Casey's parents come home and see that something is wrong, her father says to her mother, "Drive down to the Mackenzies'", which is a quote from Halloween. During the party scene, Randy Meeks, Stu Macher and the other party goers are watching the horror film. They watch many famous scenes such as Michael Myers murdering Bob, as well as Laurie Strode discovering her friend's dead bodies scattered in the bedroom. The song that Billy puts on when he and Sidney are making out in her room is a cover version of "Don't Fear the Reaper" which was featured in Halloween in the scene where Laurie and Annie are driving to their babysitting jobs.
Billy's surname, Loomis, is the same as that of Donald Pleasence's character in Halloween (1978), which in turn was the name of Marion Crane's lover in Psycho. In a similar fashion to Marion Crane (Janet Leigh), Scream's highly-billed star Drew Barrymore dies early in the film. Referring to Crane's similar premature murder, Robin Wood writes of the "alienation effect" of killing of the "apparent center of the film."[3] In the later stages of the film, Billy Loomis quotes Norman Bates, saying "We all go a little mad sometimes." Licking his fake blood, Loomis says that it is actually corn syrup and food coloring, "the same stuff they used as pig's blood in Carrie". Billy later praises Norman Bates as a more effective horror killer as he has no motive for killing people.
As Stu and Billy reveal themselves to Sidney as the killers, they stand head to head, echoing a famous still photo from the film The Thing With Two Heads (1972).
When Casey (Drew Barrymore) is dragged across the lawn by her murderer it strongly resembles a scene from Dementia 13.
The blood pooling at Gale's (Courtney Cox) feet by the news van is reminiscent of a scene in Night of the Living Dead where blood pools on the floor by Barbra's feet (played by Judith O'Dea).
Many films are briefly mentioned during a scene in which Billy and Stu visit Randy at work at a video store. Films Randy mentions include Candyman, The Howling, Prom Night, Everybody's All-American. Frankenstein is showing on the monitors.
Sidney mentions The Town That Dreaded Sundown while she, Dewey and Tatum are buying food for the party.
During the party scene, the partygoers are struggling with which movie to watch. The possibilities include The Evil Dead, Hellraiser, The Fog and Terror Train. Clerks is seen as a videotape on top of a television. During the party scene, when Billy arrives, Randy exclaims "What's Leatherface doing here?". Leatherface is the antagonist in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre.
In addition to mentioning several horror films throughout the film, many minor characters were portrayed by actors that have worked with Wes Craven before and have also appeared in prominent horror films. For example, Linda Blair, who played Regan in "The Exorcist", also plays the obnoxious reporter who approaches Sidney when she first returns to school. Joseph Whipp, who plays Sheriff Burke in Scream, also plays the sheriff in A Nightmare on Elm Street. Frances Lee McCain, playing Mrs. Riley, also played the part of Billy's mother, Lynn Peltzer, in 1984's Gremlins.
Other films that are seen or mentioned throughout the film include
- Friday the 13th - When the killer calls Casey Becker, he asks her "Who was the killer in Friday the 13th?". She exclaims Jason Voorhees as the answer, but the killer meant the original killer from the first movie, Jason's mother.
- The Exorcist - When Billy sneaks into Sidney's bedroom, he says he came by due to being bored, sitting at home watching a TV-cut version of The Exorcist.
- Basic Instinct
- All the Right Moves - Tatum mentions wanting to see All the Right Moves so she can see Tom Cruise's penis.
- Clueless (Alicia Silverstone's character was quoted)
- The Silence of the Lambs - Billy mentions Jodie Foster (who played Clarice Starling in the movie) in one scene with Sidney. He also mentions Hannibal Lecter and that they never decided why he liked to eat people.
- Trading Places
- I Spit on Your Grave - When Tatum encounters the killer in the garage, she mistakes him for Randy, exclaiming "So what movie is this from? I spit on your garage?"
- The Town That Dreaded Sundown.
- The Bad Seed.
- Smoke and Clerks are both seen on the top of Stu's video player, a poster for Clerks is also seen in the background of the movie store
- E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial - During the scene set in the video store, a customer asks Randy for "The werewolf fim with E.T.'s mother in it". This a reference to Dee Wallace-Stone, who played Mary in ET and Karen White in The Howling.
- Psycho - After Billy shoots Randy he whispers "Anthony Perkins, Psycho" Referring to the actor who played Norman Bates in the movie Psycho
'
Satirical/self-referential style
Scream is very much aware that it is a movie, and has fun with this. During the opening scene, Casey discusses movies, sequels, and trivia with the killer on the phone. Randy seems almost unable to tell the difference between a movie world and his own world. He constantly compares what is going on to situations in horror films, and at one point even says: "If this was a scary movie, I would be the main suspect." Randy also seems to believe very devoutly in his "Rules For Surviving a Horror Movie;" he eventually believes that the only reason he himself survives is because he's a virgin. Billy also comments that life is just "one big movie. Only you can't pick your genre."
Most notable of all, the climactic scene of the film revolves around the characters watching the movie Halloween, unaware that they themselves are being watched on a hidden camera with a time delay. At one point, Randy (played by Jamie Kennedy) yells at the movie: "Look behind you, Jamie", unaware that there is also a killer behind him. Kenny watches this from inside the news van, and also yells: "Behind you, kid." despite the time delay meaning the warning is just as pointless as Randy's. The result is a movie character (Kenny) watching what the hidden camera in the room shows, giving advice to another movie character (Randy), also watching a movie, also giving advice to a movie character (in the movie, he's watching).
In addition to this, the movie features cameos, such as Linda Blair and Henry Winkler and general references to Hollywood figures, such as Sharon Stone and Richard Gere. The Richard Gere scene mentions the well-known gerbil urban legend. Craven stated that he received calls from agents telling him that if he leaves that scene in, he would never work again.[4][5]
Reaction
Box office performance
The film opened in 1,413 theaters, taking $6,354,586 in its opening weekend. The film made almost 87 million dollars in its initial release, and was then re-released to theatres on April 11, 1997 and went on to make another 16 million, making total a domestic gross of $103,046,663,[6][7] with, as of 2007[update], a worldwide lifetime gross of $173,046,663.[8] It peaked at number 13 in the U.S. domestic box office. The film's success made it the highest grossing slasher movie as of 2009.
Critical reception
The reaction to Scream was generally very positive amongst film reviewers, who appreciated the shift from the teen slasher films of the 1980s and their "endless series of laborious, half-baked sequels."[9] Williamson's script was praised as containing a "fiendishly clever, complicated plot" which "deftly mixes irony, self-reference and wry social commentary with chills and blood spills."[10]
Roger Ebert appreciated "the in-jokes and the self-aware characters", but was confused over whether the level of violence was "defused by the ironic way the film uses it and comments on it?"[2] The New York Times says "not much of 'Scream' is that gruesome", but observes that Craven "wants things both ways, capitalizing on lurid material while undermining it with mocking humor. Not even horror fans who can answer all this film's knowing trivia questions may be fully comfortable with such an exploitative mix."[1]
Scream ranked number 32 on Entertainment Weekly's list of the 50 Best High School Movies and number 13 on Bravo's 100 Scariest Movie Moments. In 2008, Entertainment Weekly dubbed the film a "New Classic" by ranking it number 60 in their list of the 100 Best Films of the Last 25 Years. The film received an 84% fresh rating on RottenTomatoes.com.[11] The film ranks 482nd on Empire magazine's 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time.[12]
Awards
The film won several awards, including Best Movie at the MTV Movie Awards 1997, and Saturn Awards for Best Actress (Neve Campbell), Best Writer and Best Horror Film. Craven was awarded the Grand Prize at the Gérardmer Film Festival.[13]
Cultural impact
The film inspired a revival of interest in the genre including Urban Legend, and I Know What You Did Last Summer. Two sequels were produced (Scream 2 and Scream 3), with Williamson's I Know What You Did Last Summer following in 1997. It was also the inspiration for several parody films such as the Scary Movie series. "Scary Movie" had been Scream's working title.
Ghostface's mask has become an icon in horror films, and has now become a staple mask during the Halloween season.
The film has been parodied many times on television. During the 1997 MTV Movie Awards, the opening scene was parodied, with Mike Myers calling and terrorizing Casey Becker instead of the film's killer, Ghostface.
One of the unique aspects of the film involved the mystery surrounding the identity of the killer (a plot device that had not been used for some time) and the twist ending in which it is revealed there are in fact two killers, which also became a popular trend amongst the horror revival that followed.
The Malibu Death Machine has a song titled "Sharon Stone" in tribute to the classic line from the movie when Billy taunts Sidney "Let's face it, Sid. Your mom was no Sharon Stone."
Soundtrack
When Billy comes into Sidney's room at the beginning of the movie a cover of Blue Öyster Cult's song "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" performed by Gus Black is played. This song is played in the first Halloween film when Annie and Laurie are on their way to baby-sit.
The theme song for all three movies is "Red Right Hand" by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds.
An alternate version of the music video "Drop Dead Gorgeous" by Republica featuring clips from the film was shown on music networks such as MTV. Although the song can be heard in the film, it does not show up on the soundtrack album. The song was also used in one of the TV promo spots for the film.
Although the original version of "School's Out" recorded by Alice Cooper, was featured in the film, the soundtrack contains a cover version performed by Sebastian Bach's old band The Last Hard Men.
The soundtrack album was released on December 17, 1996 featuring songs from the film. A CD featuring Marco Beltrami's orchestral music for Scream and Scream 2 was released on the Varèse Sarabande label in 1997.[14]
Track listing
- "Youth of America" - Birdbrain
- "Whisper" - Catherine
- "Red Right Hand" - Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds
- "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" - Gus
- "Artificial World" [Interdimensional Mix] - Julee Cruise
- "Better Than Me" - Sister Machine Gun
- "Whisper to a Scream (Birds Fly)" - Soho
- "First Cool Hive" - Moby
- "Bitter Pill" - The Connells
- "School's Out" - The Last Hard Men
- "Trouble In Woodsboro"/"Sidney's Lament" - Marco Beltrami
- "Blasphemy"- Immediate Music (Bonus track)
VHS and DVD releases
The original, gorier version of the film was released on VHS in 1997. The box covers classified the film as rated "R" even though it was actually the unrated version. The unrated cut was only available on video when the film was released for sale to the general public while the rental version, released earlier that year, still contained the theatrical cut. The unrated version was officially released as "The Director's Cut" on laser disc but has yet to be released on DVD in America. The unrated version has been released on DVD in other regions such as Europe and Japan with quality varying. Differences in the film include: A shot of Steve's entrails falling out of his stomach; a longer, slower version of the shot where Casey's body is shown hanging from a tree; Tatum's head getting crushed by the garage door; More blood can be seen pouring down Kenny's chest after getting his throat slashed; A more graphic version of the scene where Stu and Billy stab each other.
When the film was released for sale on VHS in 1997 it was available in several different forms including three collectible covers with one featuring Drew Barrymore's face, one had Neve Campbell's face and the other had Courteney Cox's face. There was also a collector's set which came with the wide screen version of the film on one tape and another tape featuring the movie with audio commentary by Wes Craven and Kevin Williamson. The set also featured a special Scream phone card with 10 minutes of talk time and three large collector's cards with the faces of Drew, Neve and Courteney (the same images used on the special VHS covers).
References
- ^ a b Maslin, Jant (December 20, 1996). "Scream". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/library/film/scream.html. Retrieved on 2007-05-31.
- ^ a b Ebert, Roger (December 20, 1996). "Scream". Chicago Sun Times. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19961220/REVIEWS/612200306/1023. Retrieved on 2007-01-27.
- ^ Wood, Robin (1989). Hitchcock's Films Revisited. London: Faber and Faber. pp. 146. ISBN 0571162266.
- ^ http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/Boulevard/7811/screamreferences.html
- ^ http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,289310,00.html
- ^ Scream (1996)
- ^ Scream (1996/I) - Box office / business
- ^ "Scream". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=Scream.htm. Retrieved on 2006-12-27.
- ^ Satirical `Scream' Is Out for Blood -- and Lots of It
- ^ Harrington, Richard (December 20, 1996). "Go Ahead and 'Scream'". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/review96/screamharr.htm. Retrieved on 2007-01-27.
- ^ http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1074316-scream/
- ^ http://www.empireonline.com/500/4.asp
- ^ "Awards for Scream (1996/I)". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0117571/awards. Retrieved on 2007-01-28.
- ^ Carlsson, Mikael. "Scream/Scream 2". Music from the Movies. http://www.musicfromthemovies.com/review.asp?ID=79. Retrieved on 2007-01-27.
External links
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