In October 1941, the First Battle of Kharkov was won by the German troops capturing the city.
In May 1942, during the Second Battle of Kharkov, Soviet forces failed in their attempt to re-take the city.
In February 1943, a Third Battle of Kharkov was again lost by Soviets trying to re-take the city.
The Fourth Battle of Kharkov, as referred to by the Germans, was won by Soviet forces taking the city in August 1943. Soviets call it the Belgorod-Khar'kov Offensive Operation.