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Second Republic

 
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: Second Republic
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(1848 – 52) French republic established after the Revolutions of 1848 (following the original republic during the French Revolution). The liberal republicans' hopes of establishing an enduring democratic regime were soon frustrated. In 1848 Louis-Napoléon (later Napoleon III) was elected president, and a monarchist majority was elected to the legislative assembly, which passed conservative measures restricting voting rights and freedom of the press and giving the church increased control over education. Soon realizing that his power and future reelection were limited by the assembly's actions, Louis-Napoléon organized a coup d'état in 1851. A new constitution reduced the assembly's power, and a plebiscite to approve the change was accompanied by officially inspired petitions for the empire's restoration. In 1852 Louis-Napoléon was proclaimed emperor, and the Second Empire was born.

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Wikipedia: Second Republic (Maldive Islands)
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For other Second Republics, see Second Republic.

The Second Republic was established in the Maldive Islands by a majority vote in a referendum that was held on the 11 November, 1968, which deposed the reigning monarch Sultan Mohammed Farid Didi. The Prime Minister of the Maldive Islands, Ibrahim Nasir became the first President of the Maldives under the Second Republic's constitution. He resigned in 1978. He was succeeded by Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, who returned the Maldive Islands to its membership of the British Commonwealth of Nations in July 1982.


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