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There is no set amount of time. It can vary tremendously, depending on the type of partition, the size of the partition, and the speed of the computer.

You do not need to set up a dedicated partition for swap as you can also set up a swap file.

in the fixed partition the partition is once allocated is fixed. in fixed partition more memory wastage because of internal & external fragmentation....

in variable partition when a process comes then according to need of process the size of memory is allocated to the process

There are loads of partition management programs on the 'net. Paragon is a good one - it lets you set the partition sizes - and shows you any unallocated space.